毕业设计论文—基于单片机控制的射频ID卡考勤机的设计-精品 - 图

基于单片机控制的射频ID卡

考勤机的设计

系 （部）：信息科学与技术系 专 业 班：电子信息工程0602班 姓 名：袁 园 学 号：20061186065 指导教师：陈 青

2010年5月

基于单片机控制的射频ID卡

考勤机的设计

Design of Radio Frequency ID Cards

Attendance Based on Single-chip

摘 要

射频识别技术是一项利用射频信号通过空间耦合(交变磁场或电磁场)实现无接触信息传递并通过所传递的信息达到识别目的的技术。射频识别是非接触式的自动识别，它通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据，识别工作无须人工干预，可工作于各种恶劣环境。射频识别技术中，标签与读写器通过无线射频信号交换信息。与条形码技术相比，射频识别技术可以节省更多的时间和人力、物力，降低生产成本，提高工作效率。由于RFID标签具有非接触识别、可识别高速运动物体、抗恶劣环境、保密性强、可同时识别多个识别对象等突出特点，射频标签已被广泛应用于工业、商业、交通运输、物流、物品管理系统、畜禽检疫管理等众多领域。一般而言射频识别使用的通信协议为Wiegand协议（韦根协议）该协议内容并不复杂，应用广泛。另外，对于数据量较大的系统，涉及到数据存储问题，必须将数据存储区与数据处理区分开，这样有利于系统的模块化以及后续的维护。本设计以一个RFID集成模块为例，由单片机AT89C52控制器完成了公司的门禁系统并把人员考勤信息记录在片外数据存储区中以及通过液晶显示查询结果。本设计详细分析了基于单片机控制的RFID考勤机的方案和原理，分块给出了系统的硬件设计及软件编程思路。同时本设计可与上位机的数据库连接，具有实用价值。

关键词：单片机AT89C52 射频识别 韦根协议 数据存储 液晶显示

I

Abstract

Radio frequency identification technology is usage of a radio frequency signal through space coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field) to achieve non-contact transmission of information and through the message to identify the purpose. RFID is non-contact automatic identification, it gets target and relevant data through the radio frequency signal automatically, identifies without human intervention, can work in a variety of harsh environments. In RFID technology, labels and readers exchange the information through radio frequency signals. Compared with bar code technology, RFID technology can save more time and manpower and material resources, reduce production costs, improve efficiency. As the RFID tag has a non-contact identification, it can identify high-speed objects, anti-poor environment, confidentiality, identify multiple targets simultaneously, such salient features making it widely used in industry, commerce, transportation, logistics, materials management systems, livestock quarantine management and many other fields. Generally speaking, Wiegand protocol is used as communication protocol which is not complicated and widely used. In addition, large data system is related to data storage problems. It must separate data storage areas from data processing areas, which is beneficial to the system's modular and subsequent maintenance. Regarding an RFID integrated module as sample, the design, controlled by single-chipAT89C52, complete the company's attendance system and record the personnel attendance information in the data storage area as well as carry out on liquid crystal display (LCD). It gives the detailed analysis of programs and principles of the RFID Attendance based on single-chip, and the hardware design and software programming ideas. At the same time, the design which can connect with PC database has practical value.

Key words: single-chipAT89C52 RFID Wiegand protocol data storage LCD

II

目 录

摘要 ................................................................... I Abstract ............................................................... II 绪论 .................................................................. 1 1 整体方案设计 ....................................................... 2 1.1 系统总体基本构成 ................................................. 2 1.1.1 系统实现方法 ................................................... 2 1.1.2 系统结构 ....................................................... 2 1.2 系统工作原理 ..................................................... 3 2 硬件电路设计 ....................................................... 4 2.1 系统硬件主要构成 ................................................. 4 2.1.1 单片机AT89C52 .................................................. 4 2.1.2 稳压芯片L7805 .................................................. 6 2.1.3 射频识别集成模块RF01D .......................................... 6 2.1.4 片外数据存储器AT24C16 .......................................... 8 2.1.5 点阵液晶屏TS12864 .............................................. 9 2.2 系统硬件电路模块 ................................................ 10 2.2.1 MCU小系统 ..................................................... 10 2.2.2 电源模块 ...................................................... 12 2.2.3 射频识别模块 .................................................. 12 2.2.4 预警模块 ...................................................... 13 2.2.5 数据存储模块 .................................................. 13 2.2.6 开关控制模块 .................................................. 13 2.2.7 液晶显示模块 .................................................. 14 3 软件设计 .......................................................... 15 3.1 主程序流程图 .................................................... 15 3.2 各个模块的设计 .................................................. 16

III

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