精读1第四单元答案

Key to exercises: Vocabulary exercises: I. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words. 1. having a very enjoyable and exciting time

2. disconnected and refused to take my phone call 3. go away from him or refuse to be with him

4. didn’t give up or endured being with him although this was unpleasant 5. experience so much pain and stress

6. endure all the hard experiences by myself

II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

1. invincible 2. stress 3. confront 4. keep up 5. marking 6. blame 7. pushing aside 8. emotional 9. positive 10. recognized

III. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences. 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. A

IV. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair and note the difference of meaning between them.

1. a. carefree b. careless c. careless d. carefree

Careless is used when people do not pay enough attention to what they are doing, so they make mistakes, or cause harm or damage, while carefree refers to a person or a period of time that does not involve any problems, worries, or responsibilities. 2. a. sick b. sick c. ill d. ill

Both words can refer to suffering from a disease or a health problem. In this sense, sick can often be used as attributive in front of a noun. When ill is used as attributive, it often refers to something harmful or unpleasant. Sick can also mean “going to vomit”, so it can be confusing to say “I’m sick.” Sick is sometimes used to talk about a dislike from too much of something. 3. a. disease b. plague c. disease d. plague

Disease refers to any kind of bad health or is an illness that affects people, animals or plants. It does not have any implications as to whether the sickness is acute or chronic, mild or harsh, or long or short in duration. Plague specifically refers to a very infectious disease that spreads quickly over a wide area and kills large numbers of people.

4. a. keeps b. keep c. maintain d. maintain

Keep, among its many different uses, can mean “to cause something or somebody to continue to do something”, or “to have without the need of returning.” Maintain means “ to continue to have something and do not let it stop or grow weaker”, or “ to keep something in good condition by regularly checking it and repairing it when necessary.”

V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the

sense it is used.

1. tighten, intensify, enhance

2. unhappy, wretched, miserable, cheerless 3. quickly, rapidly, swiftly

4. negative, doubtful, pessimistic, uncertain 5. benefit, profit, advantage 6. gain, increase, gather 7. cautious, alert, watchful

8. beginning, start, commencement

V. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in the bracket.

1. Let’s go for a picnic tomorrow unless the weather forecast is unfavourable. (favour)

2. A successful business needs good organization. (organize) 3. The ring was not at all valuable; in fact, it was almost worthless. (worth) 4. Your job will be to see that no imperfect product leaves this part of the factory. (perfect)

5. The floor of the attic needs strengthening if we’re going to make it into a

bedroom. (strong)

6. He is ashamed of what he has done. (shame) 7. She expressed her gratitude to me by inviting me to dinner. (grateful) 8. In youth, he showed great promise, but finally he turned out mediocre. (young)

Grammar exercises: I. Put in some, any, each, every or one of their compounds. 1. every, each/every 2. everything 3. anywhere 4. everyday

5. somehow, anything 6. anyone, someone 7. some

8. somewhere

II. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. a kind of earnestness 2. a kind of devotion 3. people that cause joy

4. the water of the stated river 5. a kind of zeal 6. many kinds of tea

7. something that distracted

8. something that made him disappointed

III. Choose the best answer.

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B

IV. Insert suitable prepositions in the following sentences. 1. in 2. since 3. behind 4. in, by 5. in 6. to, for 7. by, for, by(?), in / under, of 8. by, of, in, around 9. to, in, with, on , in 10. under

V. Correct the errors, where found, in the following sentences. 1. correct 2. above – over 3. under – below 4. through – across 5. correct 6. on – in 7. correct 8. in – at

Translation exercises: I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1. 我们分在不同的班级，所以就不再那么经常厮混在一起了。

2. 人们看他的眼神，就好像他得了瘟疫，学校里的那些朋友都不想与他交往。 3. 我遭到这样的待遇，是因为十几岁的孩子们还不习惯处理这样的情况，也不知道怎么应对。

4. 快到五月底时，他病情加重，医生用个透明的塑料罩子把他给围了起来，以防他受到我们身上有害细菌的侵害。

II. Translate each of the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the bracket.

1. It is an attempt made to strengthen our competitive ability.

2. The police in this district know where the thieves usually hang out. 3. The agreement signed will break down all the barriers to free trade. 4. It was a very difficult situation, but he handled it very successfully.

5. He is my best friend. I just cannot turn my back on him now that he needs my help.

6. So long as you work hard, you are bound to succeed and realize your ambition sooner or later.

7. Although he hates the job, he is determined to stick it out because he needs the money to support his family.

8. That cancer patient kept an optimistic attitude towards his disease, persisted in combating it, and conquered it in the end.

9. This university has a staff of more than 2000, including about 150 professors and over 500 associate professors.

10. The concert was held to mark the 75th anniversary of the composer’s death.

Exercises for integrated skills: I. Dictation

One of the world’s most deadly health problems / is spreading to new places. /

The problem is heart disease / and it is affecting more and more people / in developing nations. / For years / heart disease has been the No.1 cause of death / in most industrial nations. / The disease has claimed more lives / than cancer or accidents. / Now the WHO has warned that / heart disease is increasing rapidly / in almost every developing nation. / Why is this happening? / One reason is that / people in developing nations / are living longer. / Another reason is that / many people have changed the way they live. / They now eat more fat and salt / and fewer fruits and vegetables.

II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate. 1. spread 2. out 3. return 4. cure 5. likely 6. unfortunate 7. about 8. tend 9. because 10. how

Writing practice: Combine the following sentences with appropriate correlative conjunctions.

1. Violence as a way of achieving racial justice is both impractical and immoral. 2. Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.

3. The man of knowledge must be able to not only love his enemies but also to hate his friends.

4. Education is not the filling of a pail but the lighting of a fire.

5. You can decide to either stay in the shallow end of the pool or go out in the ocean. 6. Whether you win or lose this race doesn’t matter.

7. The one who criticizes you more is not your enemy but your friend.

8. You can either wait for the opportunities to come or find opportunities yourself. 9. Bureaucrats write memos both because they appear to be busy when they are writing and because the memos, once written, immediately become proof that they were busy.

10. Neither underestimate the power to change yourself nor overestimate your power to change others.

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