钢坯冷锯机液压系统设计说明书

钢坯冷锯机液压系统设计

摘 要

随着我国国民经济的快速发展，工业化程度逐年提高，作为基础产业的钢铁业规模已连续数年稳居世界首位，每年生产将近一亿吨的热轧及冷弯型材、管材、棒材，这其中80﹪以上的产品都采用了锯机完成切头、切尾、定尺切断工作，由于具备了生产效率高、锯切的质量好、运行成本低等特点。与剪切机比较，金属没有被强行塑性拉断的部分，因而轧件切口处精度较高。金属锯切锯机成为了现代轧钢生产线中的重要一环，它能否正常运转，关系到整条轧线的生产能力能否正常发挥。为此，此次设计为钢坯冷锯机液压传动系统。这是一个很重要的系统，它包括两个支路：夹紧缸的夹紧过程和锯切缸的锯切过程。在此次设计过程中，对这两个支路进行了受力分析计算，对各个元件的选用进行说明。对液压执行元件、液压阀、液压辅助元件和泵站进行计算。

关键词：液压传动系统；冷锯机；液压阀；泵站

Hydraulic System Design Of Cold Steel Machine

Abstract

With the rapid development of China's national economy and the increasement of the degree of industrialization over the years , as the basic industries of iron and steel industry has the size of its position as the world for several years, and annual production of nearly 100 million tons of hot-rolled and cold-formed profiles, tubes, rods, which more than 80% of the products are completed using the saw-cut head, cut tail, cut off length work productivity because of the high quality of the sawing, and low running costs. Compared with the shearing machine, metal has not been forcibly pulled off the plastic part, thus accuracy of the incision rolling is higher. Metal Cutting Saw has become an important segment of the modern steel rolling production line. Whether it is the normal operation ，it relates to the whole rolling line of the normal production capacity. To this end, the design is the hydraulic drive system saw the cold steel. This is a very important system, which includes two slip: the process of clamping cylinder and the clamping cylinder sawing the sawing process. During the design process, these two slip calculation for the force analysis, the selection of the various components are described. The implementation of hydraulic components, hydraulic valves, hydraulic components and auxiliary pumping station is calculated.

Key words: Hydraulic drive system; Cold Saw; Hydraulic valve; Pumping station

目 录

1 绪论 ...................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 1.2 1.3

锯切机械的组成 .......................................................................................................... 1 金属冷切圆锯片国内外的发展趋势 .......................................................................... 1 锯机的分类及其特点 .................................................................................................. 1

摆动式锯机 ......................................................................................................... 2 平推式锯机 ......................................................................................................... 2

1.3.1 1.3.2 1.4 1.5

液压传动的介绍 .......................................................................................................... 3 液压传动的特点 .......................................................................................................... 3

液压传动的优点 ................................................................................................. 3 液压传动的缺点 ................................................................................................. 4

1.5.1 1.5.2 1.6

课题设计内容介绍 ...................................................................................................... 4

2 液压系统的相关设计参数 ............................................................................................ 5 3 制定系统方案和拟定液压系统图 .............................................................................. 6

3.1 3.2 3.3

液压系统的组成及设计要求 ...................................................................................... 6 制定系统方案 .............................................................................................................. 6 拟定液压系统原理图 .................................................................................................. 7

4 载荷的组成和计算 .......................................................................................................... 8

4.1 4.2

液压缸载荷组成 .......................................................................................................... 8 各液压缸载荷的计算 .................................................................................................. 9

夹紧缸的载荷计算 ............................................................................................. 9 锯切缸的载荷计算 ........................................................................................... 10

4.2.1 4.2.2

5 计算液压缸的主要结构尺寸 ..................................................................................... 12

5.1 5.2

初选系统工作压力 .................................................................................................... 12 液压缸的主要结构尺寸计算 .................................................................................... 12

液压缸的主要结构尺寸组成 ........................................................................... 12 液压缸的主要结构尺寸计算 ........................................................................... 13

5.2.1 5.2.2 5.3

计算液压缸所需流量及实际工作压力 .................................................................... 14

夹紧缸所需流量和实际工作压力 ................................................................... 14 锯切缸所需流量和实际工作压力 ................................................................... 15

5.3.1 5.3.2

6 液压元件的选择 ............................................................................................................. 16

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

液压缸的选用 ............................................................................................................ 16 液压泵的选用 ............................................................................................................ 17 电动机的选用 ............................................................................................................ 18 液压阀的选用 ............................................................................................................ 19 油管尺寸的计算 ........................................................................................................ 19

管道内径的计算 ............................................................................................... 20 管道的选择 ....................................................................................................... 21 管接头的选择 ................................................................................................... 22

6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9

油箱容积及尺寸确定 ................................................................................................ 22 蓄能器的选择 ............................................................................................................ 23 液压介质的选择 ........................................................................................................ 23 其余液压辅助元件的选择 ........................................................................................ 24

7 液压系统性能验算 ........................................................................................................ 26

7.1

液压系统压力损失计算 ............................................................................................ 26

7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.2

沿程压力损失 ................................................................................................... 26 局部压力损失 ................................................................................................... 27 总压力损失 ....................................................................................................... 28

液压系统的发热温升计算 ........................................................................................ 28

7.2.1 计算液压系统的发热功率 ............................................................................... 28 7.2.2 计算油箱的散热功率 ....................................................................................... 30

8 阀块的设计 ...................................................................................................................... 31 9 液压泵站的设计 ............................................................................................................. 32 10 经济可行性分析 .......................................................................................................... 33

10.1设备完好率与利用率 .................................................................................................. 33 10.2 设备役龄 ...................................................................................................................... 33 10.3 设备经济寿命的确定 .................................................................................................. 35 10.4 机械购置成本 .............................................................................................................. 36

11 环境分析 ........................................................................................................................ 37

11.1 环境污染 ...................................................................................................................... 37 11.2机械工业（本部分主要尤指液压）对环境的危害和防治....................................... 38 11.2.1 液压工业对环境的危害 .................................................................................... 38 11.2.2 解决方法 ............................................................................................................. 39

结 论 .................................................................................................................................... 40 致 谢 .................................................................................................................................. 41 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................... 42

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