“冷分解—正浮选—洗涤法”年产五万吨氯化钾的毕业设计

“冷分解—正浮选—洗涤法”年产五万吨氯化钾的

工艺初步设计(察尔汗地区，15℃)

摘要

青海察尔汗盐湖地区通过盐田滩晒制得光卤石，对光卤石进一步加工得到氯化钾。通过对几种加工光卤石制取氯化钾的生产工艺进行较为全面的比较及相图分析，确定了用“冷分解－正浮选－洗涤法”生产氯化钾的工艺流程。其主要工序为：分解、浮选及分离、过滤、洗涤、离心分离、干燥及产品的包装等。进行了物料衡算和热量衡算，以及对主要设备进行工艺计算和设备选型，确定了主要设备规格尺寸及台数。绘制了相图、带控制点的工艺流程图、设备平面布置图、及主要设备图等，基本完成整个生产工艺的初步设计。

关键词：相图分析，光卤石，正浮选，氯化钾

THE PRODUCTION OF 50,000 TONS OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE IN THE PRELIMINERI DESIGN PROCESS WITH \

Abstract

Carnallite usually gets from brine under the sun in the chaerhan salt lake,after further processing,potassium chloride gets from carnallite.by doing phase diagram analysis and comparing several methods of production of potassium chloride,we determine the final choice \- flotation - scrubbing \for production of potassium chloride Process.the main processes are：decomposition,flotation,separation,filtration,washing，centrifugal separation,drying and packaging.the material balance and heat balance will be done after the phase diagram analysis,then to do calculation and selection of equipment models,to determine the specifications and the number of major equipment.finally,map out the phase diagram,process diagram,floor plan and equipment structure map,basically complete the entire production process of the preliminary design.

Key words： Phase diagram analysis, Carmelite, Are flotation,Potassium

chloride

目 录

1总 论........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 氯化钾的物理化学性质 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 氯化钾的用途及钾肥的市场需求 ................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 氯化钾的工业质量标准 ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.4 产品方案................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.5 生产氯化钾的原料概述 ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 文献综述 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 主要原材料的规格 ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 察尔汗盐湖湖区的自然条件..................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 青海省盐湖资源情况 .................................................................................................................................................. 5 2生产工艺流程确定 ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 由光卤石制取氯化钾的主要方法............................................................................................................................ 7 2.2.1 冷分解—热溶结晶法.......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 冷分解—筛分—洗涤法 ..................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.3 盐田重结晶法 ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.4 冷结晶—正浮选—洗涤法................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.5 反浮选—冷结晶法 .............................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.6 兑卤结晶法 ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.7 冷分解—正浮选—洗涤法................................................................................................................................. 9 3生产流程介绍 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11 4工艺计算 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 15 4.1 物料衡算 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 15 4.1.1 初开车时的物料衡算........................................................................................................................................ 16 4.1.2 正常生产条件下的物料衡算 .......................................................................................................................... 21 4.1.3 年产量为五万吨氯化钾下的物料衡算 ........................................................................................................ 32 4.2 热量衡算 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 38 4.2.1 基础数据.............................................................................................................................................................. 38 4.2.2 热量衡算.............................................................................................................................................................. 40 5主要设备计算与选型......................................................................................................................................................... 43 5.1 螺旋加矿机组 ............................................................................................................................................................. 43 5.1.1 螺旋加矿机概述 ................................................................................................................................................ 43 5.1.2 设计计算.............................................................................................................................................................. 43 5.2 分解机组 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 43 5.2.1 分解槽概述 ......................................................................................................................................................... 43 5.2.2 设计计算.............................................................................................................................................................. 44 5.3 浮选机组 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 44 5.3.1 浮选机概述 ......................................................................................................................................................... 44 5.3.2 浮选设备选型 ..................................................................................................................................................... 45 5.4 过滤机........................................................................................................................................................................... 45 5.4.1 过滤机台数 ......................................................................................................................................................... 46 5.4.2 真空泵的选择 ..................................................................................................................................................... 46 5.5 螺旋洗涤机.................................................................................................................................................................. 47 5.6 离心机........................................................................................................................................................................... 47 5.6.1 离心机概述 ......................................................................................................................................................... 47 5.6.2 设计计算.............................................................................................................................................................. 47 5.7 干燥器........................................................................................................................................................................... 48

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