67kta尿素合成和分离工段工艺设计

67kt/a尿素合成和分离工段工艺设计

学 生： 学 号： 专 业： 班 级： 指导教师：

四川理工学院材料与化学工程系

二O一O年六月

四川理工学院毕业设计(论文) 中文摘要

67kt/a尿素合成和分离工段工艺设计

摘 要

本设计采用水溶液全循环法对尿素的合成和分离工段进行了初步设计，在设计中对尿素的生产方法作了调研和综述。对合成和分离工段进行了物料衡算和热量衡算，对二段分解塔进行了比较详细的设备选型，最后了绘制了精馏塔的装配图和带控制点的工艺流程图。

关键词：尿素、合成分离、全循环法、精馏

I

四川理工学院毕业设计(论文) 英文摘要

The Process Design of 67kt/a Urea Synthesis

and Separation Section

Abstract

The synthesis and seperation sections in urea plant of total solution recycling method were designed. Material balance and energy balance in the sections of synthesis and separation were calculated. Equipment selection for the second decomposition tower is considered. The flowsheet with controlling point and the assembly drawing of the second decomposition tower are presented.

key words: urea, synthesis, separation, the whole cycle, distillation.

II

四川理工学院毕业设计(论文) 目录

目 录

中文摘要 ........................................................................................................ I 英文摘要 ....................................................................................................... II 1 总 论 ...................................................................................................... 1

1.1 概述 .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2尿素的性质 ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 尿素工业的发展趋势 .................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 尿素的用途 .................................................................................................................................. 2 1.5 几种尿素生产工艺简介 .............................................................................................................. 3

1.5.1 Snamprogetti公司的氨自身气提工艺 ............................................................................. 3 1.5.2 TEC-MTC公司的ACES工艺 ......................................................................................... 3 1.5.3 Stamicarbon公司的CO2气提工艺 ................................................................................. 4 1.6 CO2气提工艺和NH3气提工艺的比较 ..................................................................................... 4

1.6.1工艺方面 ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.6.2 装置运行情况 ................................................................................................................... 5 1.6.3设备腐蚀 ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.6.4投资效益 ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.7 选择取工艺及理由 ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.8 尿素工艺流程简述 ...................................................................................................................... 5

2 物料衡算 .................................................................................................. 7

2.1 计算基准 ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 合成塔物料衡算 .......................................................................................................................... 7

2.2.1 衡算条件 ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 CO2气组成 ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.2.3 甲铵液组分物料量 ........................................................................................................... 8 2.2.4 原料液NH3量 .................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.5 循环液NH3 ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.6 尿素生成量 ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.7 甲氨生成量 ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.8 过量NH3 ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.9 生成H2O量 ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.10 合成系统物料衡算表 ..................................................................................................... 9 2.3 预分离器的物料衡算 ................................................................................................................ 10

2.3.1 衡算条件 ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 预分离器的出口气体组成 ............................................................................................. 10 2.3.3 预分离器出口溶液组成 ................................................................................................. 10

i

四川理工学院毕业设计(论文) 目录

2.3.4 预分离器物料衡算表 ..................................................................................................... 11 2.4 一段分解塔物料衡算 ................................................................................................................ 11

2.4.1 出口气体组成 ................................................................................................................. 11 2.4.2 一段分解塔出口溶液组成 ............................................................................................. 12 2.4.3一段分解塔物料平衡表 .................................................................................................. 12 2.5 二段分解塔物料衡算 ................................................................................................................ 12

2.5.1 衡算条件 ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.5.2 缩二脲的计算 ................................................................................................................. 13 2.5.3 出口气体中的CO2 ......................................................................................................... 13 2.5.3 出口气体中的H2O ......................................................................................................... 13 2.5.4 二段分解塔出口溶液组成 ............................................................................................. 13 2.5.5 二段分解塔物料衡算表 ................................................................................................. 14

3 热量衡算 ................................................................................................ 15

3.1 计算基准 .................................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 合成塔热量衡算 ........................................................................................................................ 15

3.2.1 CO2气体降温降压吸热△H1....................................................................................... 15 3.2.2 当量NH3气化吸热△H2 ................................................................................................ 15 3.2.3 固体甲铵生成时反应热△H3 ........................................................................................ 15 3.2.4 固体甲铵升温吸热△H4 ................................................................................................. 15 3.2.5 固体甲铵熔融吸热△H5 ................................................................................................. 16 3.2.6 循环甲铵升温吸热△H6 ................................................................................................. 16 3.2.7 甲铵转化成尿素时吸热△H7 ......................................................................................... 16 3.2.8 （△H8+△H9+△H10+△H15）反应熔融物升温吸热 ............................................... 16 3.2.9 循环氨升温吸热△H11 ................................................................................................... 16 3.2.10 循环液氨气化热△H12 ................................................................................................. 16 3.2.11 循环氨升温吸热△H13 ................................................................................................. 17 3.2.12 循环氨与水混合放热△H14 ......................................................................................... 17 3.2.13合成塔热损失△H17 ...................................................................................................... 17 3.2.14 合成塔热量平衡表 ....................................................................................................... 17 3.3 预分离器热量衡算 .................................................................................................................... 18

3.3.1 进口液相带入热量 ......................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2 进口气相带入热量 ......................................................................................................... 18 3.3.3 出口液相带出热量 ......................................................................................................... 19 3.3.4 排出气相带出热 ............................................................................................................. 19 3.3.5 甲铵分解热量 ................................................................................................................. 20 3.3.6 NH4OH分解热 ............................................................................................................. 20 3.3.7 热损失 ............................................................................................................................. 20 3.3.8 预分离器出口液相温度t ............................................................................................... 20

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