民间借贷风险外文文献翻译2014年译文3000多字(2)

lack of proper regulations, irregularities is very serious, lead to private lending risks occur.

Risk of non-financial corporate lending between the main body first, general borrowing main body between the industry and commerce enterprise risk. National ban on borrowing between enterprises and enterprises, if each other to borrow money and contract interest, the court visual situation to confiscation of interest in accordance with the law, to the other party should be fined equivalent of bank interest, therefore, easy lending between enterprises due to a lack of lending in the enterprise qualification and folk lending risk. Second, folk lending institutions, the trend of \folk lending subject including underground Banks, pawn shops, auction houses, small and medium-sized enterprise financing companies, small and medium-sized enterprise loan companies, asset appraisal, some basic bank will also become one of the main body of folk lending\the folk lending subject has limited qualifications, not all of the civil subject can become main body of the rights and duties of the private lending. So, in the folk lending legal relationship, the principal may bear the corresponding risks due to its own inadequate.

Folk lending risk regardless of the facts or legal actions are likely to cause, change and eliminate the legal relationship, and have certain legal consequences. Are dissimilar, inner concepts, ideas, without legal consequences, \I just due to express themselves, just step into reality, I did not enter the range swayed by lawmakers? For the law, in addition to my behavior, I am not saving in”. Hegel said, shall bear legal consequences can be to people's behavior. Any behavior inevitably lead to consequences, but not any behavior leads to legal consequences. Private lending risk is to point to in the implementation of private lending, risk caused by act of misconduct or biased. It is important to note that because of the folk lending practices of misconduct or biased and the risk, not referring to the folk lending risk all the behavior main body, but to produce potential risks caused by borrowing risk, bear the unfavorable legal consequences that may lead to risk subject behavior caused by the risk. Private lending typical behavior risk is divided into private lending interest rate agreed over the provisions of the state standard of risk, risk posed by illegal

engaged in financial business and malicious borrowing the risk, etc.

Contract beyond the standards of the state interest rates caused by risk according to the views of Marxism, \own has its inherent law of development”. Illegal engaged in financial business risk caused by illegal engaged in financial business risk is to point to by the offender is not in accordance with the statutory procedures approved by the relevant departments, to the society is not in the name of any particular object of illegal fund-raising, illegal absorbing public deposits or absorb public deposits in disguised forms, illegal loans and other illegal behavior and should bear the risk of financial business.

3 Types of risk within the framework of the legal regulating of the private lending risk

Typed purpose lies in the specification, since the typed USES a particular legal environment of the theory of relationship between subject and object, therefore, the following will continue in private lending risk types within the framework of legal rules and regulations, implement starting from the purpose, forward backstopping explore the root causes of folk loan risk, to return to the realization of the purpose, in the folk lending subject and behavior risk, respectively for private lending registration and classification difference among the folk lending practices under the classification of direct regulation. 译文

民间借贷风险研究

作者：里卡多?科雷亚

摘要

民间借贷样式繁多、表征多样，其背后隐藏的风险亦尽显独特性，因此，民间借贷风险的法律规制需要通过风险的类型化来保证风险规制的有效性、体系性及完备性。法学视野下民间借贷风险类型化规制方法建立在对典型民间借贷风险类型化研究方法进行反思的基础之上，将民间借贷风险划分为主体风险和行为风

险两种类型，并要求追溯民间借贷风险发生的根源，进而在类型化框架内探寻民间借贷风险法律规制的路径，即民间借贷主体范围扩宽下的分类差异注册、民间借贷行为分类引导规制以及主体分类差异注册与行为分类引导规制的耦合，以构筑有效规制民间借贷风险的完备体系。 关键词: 民间借贷; 风险类型化; 法律规制

1典型民间借贷风险类型化划分方法的反思

风险二象性———不确定性与暴露，表明风险是客观实在与主观预期相背离的矛盾性关系，亦即因客观存在的不确定性而诱致实在与预期相悖的机会和可能性。鉴于主观认识上的有限理性与客观信息获取的不完全性，风险规制( risk regulation的意旨要求“主体”须寻求方法论上的突破来弥补主观与客观的先天不足，类型化研究方法不失为最优选择。之所以有此功能，是因为“‘类型化’方法的引进打破了‘抽象’与‘具体’在法学方法论上的二元对立，并迅速成为连接两者的中介”。具体而言，类型化具有抽象具体化、具体抽象化的功能，可打通主观与客观的“任督二脉”，缩减客观与主观的背离，进而有效地规制风险。又，民间借贷样式繁多、表征多样，其背后隐藏的风险亦尽显独特性，因此，民间借贷风险的法律规制需要以风险的类型化为基石，以保证风险规制的体系性、完备性及有效性。

从目前的研究来看，许多学者已经采用类型化研究方法对民间借贷风险进行研究。譬如，诸多学者认为，正规金融是民间借贷不断深化发展，并对其进行规制的结果，究其根源，在货币资金融通方面来讲，两者几无差异。因此，在对民间借贷风险进行类型化划分的过程中，可借鉴《新巴塞尔协议》的规定，将民间借贷的风险划分为信用风险、操作风险、市场风险以及战略风险等类型; 亦有部分学者以民间借贷中存在的法律问题为依据，将民间借贷风险分为利率风险、身份风险以及用途风险;还有学者从私法与公法层面进行类型化划分，将其分为公法风险与私法风险;从金融体制、金融调控与金融规制三个方面进行研究等等。在更大程度上说，上述诸种风险类型划分方法更多是建立在金融行业内部特点的基础之上。

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