中考英语语法专题复习名词与代词讲义(2)

烦，问题”，指客观的并棘手的)问题

clothing (不可数名词)，clothes(没有单数形式的复数名词) ， dress(用作可数名词不指男人穿的) 衣服

job（强调工作的性质或工种，为可数名词） , work （不可数名词，含义更广）工作

sound（范围广，大自然的都可以用它） ， voice （指人的，说话、唱歌），noise （嘈杂声）声音

people(指集体，复数) ，person(指个体，为单数)，human(人类) 人

② 常见名词短语

名词的固定搭配是中考英语试题中考查的一个重要方面，所以牢固地掌握一些固定的短语或搭配，对于解答试题是很重要的。如：

tooth brush牙刷 lunch room午餐室 shoe store鞋店 school gate校门口

summer camp夏令营 night school夜校 street light路灯 country music乡村音乐

flower bed花坛 paper tiger纸老虎 maths teacher数学教师 boyfriend男朋友

clothes shop服装店 sports meet运动会 goods train货车 arts festival艺术节

③名词转化

某些名词后加y变形容词，表示“充满?的”，cloud-cloudy, sun-sunny 某些名词后加ful变形容词，表示“性质的”，use-useful, care-careful 部分表示人的名词后加ly变形容词，具有赞美意味。Friend-friendly, lovely 某些名词后加less表示没有，careless, useless

对应练习：

1．--- Where have you been, Tim? --- I’ve been to ______.

A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. the Henry’s home D. Henry’s

2．In England, if __is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper. A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner

3．You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ . A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once 4．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ? --- Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water

C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 5．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday. A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear 6．There is some _______ on the plate.

A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 7．In England, the last name is the ______.

A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name 8．They are going to fly _______ to Beijing.

A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans 9．The______ has two _______ .

A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch 10．The little baby has two _______ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 11．What’s your _______ for being late again? A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news

12．--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly. --- But I think we should let _______ go out first.

A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children

13．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop.

--- Thanks.

A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING 14．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?

A. Children’s Day B. Childrens’s Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day 代词

1、代词的分类 数 分类 人称代词 (代替人或物) 物主代词(表示所有主格 宾格 形容词性 my your his her its our your their I me 单数 you you he him she her it it we us 复数 you you they them 关系) 名词性 mine yours his myself, yourself, hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 指示代词 不定代词(笼统的表示人或物) 疑问代词 关系代词 相互代词

2、 代词it 的用法

himself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves These, those herself, itself This, that some, any, all, every, each, both, another, one, none, any, much, few, little, something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone who(whom), whose, what, which who(whom), whose, that, which each, other, one another 1) 指代前面提到过的事物

This is my book. It is Jim’s.

2) 代替指示代词 this 或 that

e.g. —What’s this? —It’s a pen

3) 表示时间、天气或季节

e.g. —What’s the time now? —It’s ten o’clock.

4) 表示距离

How far is it from your school to your home? 5) it 的常用句型 ① it's + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth.

It was really kind of you to help me . (表示人的性格、品质clever, kind等的形容词，用of sb.)

It is important for us to work hard. (修饰事物easy, important的形容词，用 for sb.) ② It’s time to do/for/that… 到该做…的时间了 It’s time to get up. 该起床了 It’s time for lunch. 吃午饭了 ③ It seems that… 看起来好像…

④ It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 ⑤ It’s + adj. + that从句

It’s necessary that you should present at the meeting.

3. 反身代词 ① 反身代词的用法

e.g. This boy is too young to take care of himself. The children made model planes themselves.

② 反身代词的常用词组

_____________/________________ 自学 _____________ 过得愉快 _____________ 自用、自取（事物，饮料等），请自便 _____________ 苏醒过来 _____________ 受伤 _____________ 独自，单独

对应训练：

The iPad is isn’t ____. It’s belongs to ____.

A. he ; me B. hers ; mine C. his ; me D. her ; mine

The man called his professor for help because he couldn’t solve the problem ____. A. herself B. himself C. yourself D. themselves The dictionary is not ____. Maybe it’s Tom’s. He is looking for____. A. my ; him B. mine ; his C. us ; ours D. our ; our ---Why don’t you go to the lecture-room and listen to the talk? ---I hear there isn’t in it.

A. something new B. new anything C. anything new D. nothing new —Who’s that speaking? —_________________.

A. This is Jack speaking B. I am Jack C. Jack is me D. I am Jack Miss Liu asked Tom to read the new words and students to listen to him. A. other B. the others C. others D. the other

4、 易混点梳理

1) a few, few, a little, little

2) either、neither、 both、 all 、none 、any

表肯定 (一点儿，几个) a little A few 表否定 (几乎没有) little few 后加名词 不可数名词 可数名词 词 either neither both none all any 用法 两者中的每个、各方 两者都不 两者都，both…and… 三者或三者以上都不 三者或三者以上都 三者或三者以上中的任何一个 例子 There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of the books is good. Both she and I are student. I know none of them. All of us should go there. —Which do you like best, tea, coffee or water? —Any.

3) other、the other、another、others、the other

代词 用法 单数 不定 Another 另一个 The other 另一个 复数 Others别的/其他的人或物 The others 其余那些人或物 单数 Another (boy) 另一个(男孩) The other(boy) 另一个男孩 复数 Others (boys) 其他男孩们 the other (boys) 其余那些男孩 形容词 特定

4) each、every 词 each 用法 表”每个”，强调个体，谓语动词用第三人称单数。指两个或两个以上的人或事。 例句 There are trees on each side of the road. Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.

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