智能灭火小车

襄 樊 学 院

毕 业 论 文（设计）

论文题目：基于AVR单片机的智能灭火小车的设计 EnglishTopic：The Design of Intelligent Fire-fighting Car Based on AVR MCU

系 别：物理与电子信息工程学院 专 业： 07自动化 班 级： 0711 学 号： 07111056 学生姓名： 章振保 指导教师： 贾 巍

2011年 月 日

基于AVR单片机的智能灭火小车的设计

摘要：随着社会与国家的发展，现代火灾及时补救已成为迫在眉睫需要解决的问题，救火早一刻就少一分损失，消防救援人员固然速度已经很快，但也需要一段不小的时间，而且进入救火现场还有生命危险的可能，于是灭火智能小车的理念诞生了。本设计主要就是针对消防智能技术的制作与研究，小车以ATMEGA128单片机为控制核心，加以电源电路、电机驱动、光电传感电路、火焰检测电路、灭火风扇以及其它电路构成。电源电路提供系统所需的工作电源，光电对管完成寻迹和避障，光敏电阻传感器检测火焰，采集到的数据通过ATMEGA128单片机处理传输到专用电机驱动芯片驱动电机控制小车的前进后退以及转向，最终启动灭火风扇进行灭火。本论文进行整体的硬件设计，并编写了软件程序框图，制作的消防小车具有简易灭火功能，达到了实现现场灭火的目的，设计较好地完成了课题目标。

关键词：ATMEGA128单片机；传感器；智能灭火小车；直流电机；寻迹

I

The Design of Intelligent Fire-fighting Car Based on AVR MCU

Abstract: With the social and national development, the inevitable fires a variety of dangerous places frequently, to the Social Security created a lot of hidden dangers, so the modern fire remedied in time, has become an urgent need to address the problem, the fire As early as the moment to curbing, fire rescue personnel of course, speed has been fast, but it also needs a big time, and enter the fire scene there is the possibility of life-threatening, so was born the concept of fire-fighting car, stupid design is mainly for the production of fire-fighting carr, car in order to ATMEGA128 microcontroller to control the core,

To power supply circuits, motor drives, photoelectric sensor circuit, the flame detection circuit, fire fans, and other circuit. Power circuit to provide the necessary working power supply systems, special-purpose motor driver chip drives car forward backward motor control, as well as steering, photoelectric tracing the completion of the tube and avoid obstacles, and photosensitive resistance sensor detects flame, fire-fighting fans put out the fire. This design produced a simple car fire extinguishing capabilities to achieve the realization of on-site fire-fighting purposes, the design goal of a better way to complete a task. Key words: ATMEGA128 MCU; Sensor; Smart car fire; DC; Tracing

II

目 录

1 绪论 ································· 1

1.1 智能灭火小车控制系统的设计背景和意义 ··························································· 1

1.2 智能灭火小车控制系统的目标 ··············································································· 1 1.3 主要内容 ··················································································································· 1 2 系统设计及方案比较 ·························· 2

2.1 整体方案设计 ··········································································································· 2 2.2 硬件实现方案 ··········································································································· 2 2.3 硬件总体设计方案 ··································································································· 6 2.4 软件总体设计方案 ··································································································· 7 3 硬件单元电路设计 ··························· 8

3.1 电源电路 ··················································································································· 8 3.2 微控制器模块的设计 ······························································································· 8 3.3 电机驱动电路的设计 ····························································································· 11 3.4 舵机转向模块设计 ································································································· 13 3.6 火焰检测电路的设计 ····························································································· 17 3.7 灭火与音报警系统的设计 ····················································································· 18 4 软件实现 ······························ 20

4.1 软件开发平台介绍 ································································································· 20 4.2 主程序流程图 ········································································································· 20 4.3 寻迹程序流程图 ····································································································· 21 4.4 灭火程序流程图 ····································································································· 22 5 系统功能调试 ···························· 25

5.1 测试仪器及设备 ····································································································· 25 5.2 功能测试 ················································································································· 25 5.3 调试心得 ················································································································· 27 结 论 ································· 28 [参 考 文 献] ····························· 29 附录 ·································· 30 致 谢 ································· 31

1 绪论

1.1 智能灭火小车控制系统的设计背景和意义

近几十年中，大量的高层、地下建筑与大型的石化企业不断涌现。由于这些建筑的特殊性，发生火灾时，不能快速高效的灭火。火灾在现实生活中是非常普遍的，它被称为三大自然灾害之一。消防人员时时刻刻冲到第一线，面临生命危险，在这种背景下，智能寻迹灭火系统应运而生，实现了对安全防护的质的提高，也大大地减低了消防人员的危险。在智能寻迹灭火系统中应用单片机来代替人的思考，还可以实现自动化控制，简化了灭火的工作流程，使单片机代替多余的消防人员，节省了国家不必要的支出，减低了危险。

现今，单片机以其强大的控制能力已经被广泛应用于诸多领域，配以各种接口传感器可以实现系统的智能化。无论在安全防护领域、工业控制领域、医疗卫生领域、还是在国防军事领域、航天航空领域，微控制器都起着举足轻重的作用。从最初的8位控制器到现在的32位控制器都还有很大的发展和应用空间。

根据本设计的要求，将采用ATMEL公司生产的ATMEGA128型单片机 1.2 智能灭火小车控制系统的目标

本论文设计的智能寻迹灭火小车控制系统应用范围十分广泛，设计的智能寻迹灭火小车应该能够实现温度监控、报警、具有自动寻迹、吹风灭火、返回起始点等功能，可通过温度的监控来进行设定小车是否前进。本设计具有很好的开发前景，将会受到广大安全防护人员的欢迎。 1.3 主要内容

本论文设计了以ATMEGA128单片机作为主控制器，光敏电阻作为本系统的火焰传感器，用ST178型光电对管进行寻迹和避障，L298作为直流电机的驱动芯片。

本论文所包含的内容如下：

1、以单片机ATMEGA128为核心拟定了系统组成方案，完成了系统的电路硬件总体设计，包括供电模块、单片机系统、寻迹系统、电机驱动系统、壁障系统、火焰检测系统以及灭火系统和各个模块间接口。

2、完成主要功能模块的程序设计，分别完成对各个功能模块的程序进行调试工作。

1

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库智能灭火小车在线全文阅读。