英语专业四级语法考点精讲(3)

2. Barry has an advantage over his mother ____ he could speak French. (2001) A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so that 考点4：让步状语从句

连接词:though, although, as, even if/though, whatever, however, wherever, while等引导。 (1) while 尽管

1. ______I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. 2001 A. as long as B. as C. while D. even (2) as/though引导让步状从倒装

As/though引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。此时应注意：一、若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；二、若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may, might, will, would等，这些词都要保留在原来的位臵上(主语后)。三、as引导的让步状语从句一定要倒装，though引导的让步状语从句不一定要倒装，although引导的让步状语从句不要倒装。四、让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 1. Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.2010/2002 A. who B. as C. like D. that

2. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.2006 A. Although B. whatever C. As D. However

3. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.2005

A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a socialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialist

4. David Singer, my friend’s father, ___raised and educated in New York, lived and lectured in Africa most of his life. 1993

A.who B.if C.while D.though (3) much as 虽然，尽管

1. ____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.2008 A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though much 2. _______I like economics I like sociology much better.2003

A. As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as

3. ____ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998) A. Much as B. Much though C. As much D. though much (4) for all+n 尽管

1. _____, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. (1997) A. Instead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributions

C. His making notable contributions D. However his notable contributions (5) however+adj./adv.

1. ____ he always tries his best to complete it on time. (1999) A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task

考点5：地点状语从句: where/ wherever （wherever --- 无论哪里） 考点聚焦：地点状语从句和where定语从句的区别：

Tips: 判断是定语从句还是地点状语从句，要看从句前是否有先行词，有先行词的是定语从句，否则是状语从句。

考点6：方式状语从句

1. She did her work _____her manager had instructed. 2002

A. as B. until C. when D. though 考点7：结果状语从句

连接词：so that (=in order to), so…that, such…that（太…以至于）

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(1) so much as that 到这样程度以致… 1. -----Does Alan like limburgers?2003

-----Yes. So much ______ that he eats them every day. A. for B. as C. to D. so (2) such that达到这样的程度以致

1. The brilliance of his satires was _____make even his victims laugh. 1996 A. so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that 考点8：目的状语从句

连接词：so that, in order that, for fear that（为了防止）, lest（以防）

1. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.2006 A. ought to have B. must have C. may have D. should have

专四语法考点串讲之六：名词从句 一、名词从句的本质：三种句子充当具体成分

1、用陈述句作成分（主语、宾语、表语、同位语）时，需要在陈述句首加that来引导。

2、用一般疑问句作成分时，需要先将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常语序，然后再句首加上whether或if (if只用在宾语从句中）来引导，以保留原句疑问意义。

3、用特殊疑问作成分时，只需要将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常的疑问语序。 4、引导名词从句的常用连词： 名词从句的引导词 连词that 连词whether, if 对应句子类型 陈述句 一般疑问句 是否做成分 在从句中不作成分 在从句在中不作成分 When, where, why, how在从句在中作状语； Who, whom, what在从句中作主语，宾语或表语； Which, whose在句中作定语，后面接名词连用。 连接副词when, where, 特殊疑问句 why, how; 连接代词who, whom, what, which, whose 二、常见考点： 考点1：主语从句

(1) that引导主语从句句型：

that引导的主语从句直接放在句首的较少，更常见的是用it作形式主语臵于句首，而将that引导的主语从句放在句末，因此，下列都是常见的主语从句句型：

1) It is +过去分词+ that从句：It is reported that… It is believed that… It is generally thought that… It should be noted that… It has been found that… It must be pointed out that… 同样可用的动词还有: say, expect, know, estimate, forecast

2) It is +形容词+ that从句：It is clear that… It is likely that… It is possible that… It is natural that… It is certain that… It is strange that… It is fortunate that… It is necessary that…

3) It is +名词短语+ that从句：It is a pity that… It is a fact that… It is good news that… It is a good thing that… It is no wonder that… It is a shame that… It is an honor that… It is common knowledge that… It is my belief that… It is a miracle that…

4) It +不及物动词+that 从句：It seems that…; It follows that…; It happens that…; It turns out that…; It comes about that…

5) 其他结构：It dawns upon/ on sb that…; It occurs to sb that…; It makes no difference that…; It doesn’t need to be bothered that…; It is of little consequence that…

(2) whether 及连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句一般放在句首。

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考点2：宾语从句

(1) that在宾语从句中省略的问题：一般来讲，that引导宾语从句时，可将that省去。但若是几个宾语从句并列使用，则连词that不可省去。 (2) If/whether

1）if 一般只用于引导宾语从句，而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词从句。

2）if不和or not直接连用，即一般不说if or not。但可以说if…or not。而whether没有此限制。 (3) what/whatever/whoever/whomever

whoever是人称代词的主格形式，一般在句子中作主语；whomever是人称代词的宾格形式，故一般作宾语。这两个词都等于the person that。what/whatever等于the thing(s) that。可以理解为“先行词+that”。 1. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.2009 A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. However

2. The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood stricken area. (2004)

A. however B. whichever C. whatever D. wherever

3. She managed to save___she could out of her wages to help her brother.?2002

A. how little money B. so little money?C. such little money D. what little money

4. After ___seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office. (1999) A. that B. there C. what D. it

5. We can assign the task to _____ is capable and trustworthy. (1994) A. whomever B. who C. whom D. Whoever

考点3：表语从句

(1) 表语从句通常是臵于系动词，尤其是is后边。 1. Quality is ____ counts most.2008

A. which B. that C. what D. where

2. He’s ____ as a “bellyacher” – he’s always complaining about some thing. (1999) A. who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known (2) 名词reason后面的表语从句一般用that引导，而不用because. 考点4：同位语从句

(1) “名词+that +陈述句”句型：

同位语从句通常是用that引导，而很少用whether，if以及连接代词或连接副词引导。这是因为我们多是用陈述句来补充名词的内容，而很少用一般疑问句或特殊疑问句来补充名词的内容。 (2) no doubt+that/doubt+whether

1. There is no doubt ____ the company has made the right decision on the sales project. (2001) A. why B. that C. whether D. when

专四语法考点串讲之七：主谓一致 1) “就远原则”：在“A +(with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, including, rather than, more than, no less than)+B”结构中，谓语动词的单复数与之B一致。 1. Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe this afternoon.2004? A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. Leave

2) 就近原则：neither…nor…, (either)…or…, not only…but also…, not…but…等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则：谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。

1. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____ going to agree upon anything today.2003

A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is C. neither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are

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2. ______of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.2002 A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All

3) a/the number of＋复数名词”作主语表示“…的数量”时，谓语动词用单数；表示“一些 / 许多…”时，谓语动词用复数。

4) more than one + n/ Many a + n/ Every A and every B / No A and no B/ one and a half +n 谓语动词用单数。 注意：more 复数名词+than one 用复数，More members than one are against your plan.

5) 由and连接的多个成分，若表示一种事物或一种概念时，用单数动词；若表示的是多个不同的概念时，则用复数动词。并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式。如:bread and butter, bread and cheese, a knife and fork, a cart and horse, needle and thread, law and order, fish and chips, meat and potatoes

6) 若and连接两个并列主语，且and后面的名词有相关的副词（not, perhaps, particularly, even, too, likewise, as well等）修饰，则谓语动词形式与and前面的名词保持一致。因为此时句子的真正主语应是and前面的名词，此时and 与前面的名词之间常有逗号隔开。

7) 表达时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值,算式的短语通常接动词的单数形式。

8) 如果主语由“the＋形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时, 若表示抽象概念，谓语用单数。表示一类人，则为复数概念，谓语用复数。

9) 由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数；但所指的内容是复数意义时，谓语动词通常用复数. 10) people, police, cattle, militia是复数名词, 接动词复数形式。Peoples指民族。sheep , deer, fish , means, aircraft works单复数同形; clothes +复数动词

11) 常见的表示成对概念的复数名词，如：pants, trousers, scissors, scales（天平），glasses, binoculars(双筒望远镜)，spectacles, bifocals（双光眼镜）。谓语动词用复数。

12) 形式上是复数（词尾加s）,但表示单数概念的词，谓语用单数。Works(工厂)、gallows(绞刑架)、politics, statistics, measles, diabetes。若politics, statistics不表示学科，而分别表示“政治观点”，“统计数据”时，则需要复数。

1. The statistics___that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.2006 A. proves B. is proving C. are proving D. prove 13) the+最高级+of+n.复数+单数谓语

14) a+单数名词+or two作主语，谓语用单数。

15) 集合名词指整体时，用单数代词；指由不同的人组成的集合时，用复数代词。Audience, couple, family, public, class, crowd, government, staff, committee, group, team, crew, company集体名词：police, militia(民兵)，cattle, people等总是接复数动词，而mankind, humanity接单数动词。

1. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish ____ proposals in the near future.2008 A.their B. our C. his D. Its

16) 书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。

1. All the President’s Men ______ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.2007 A. remain B. remains C. remained D. is remaining 17) “数量词+名词”结构的主谓一致 只与可数名词连用 只接单数的 只接复数的 Each every A couple of Several, A number of 单数谓语 复数谓语 只与不可数名词连用 A great deal of 单数谓语 A large amount of 14

与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用均可

Not any, Some, A 接可数复数名词时用复数lot of, Plenty of, 谓语；接不可数名词时用Most, all, a pair 单数谓语。 of 专四语法考点串讲之八：倒装句 考点1：全部倒装

(1) 在以out, in, along, then, now, up, down, away, here, there 等副词开头的句子里。 (2) 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。 考点2：部分倒装

(1) Only+状语位于句首时

(2) 否定副词及短语位于句首时。

常考的词或词语有not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等。 1. Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.2009 A. she cared B. she may care C. may she care D. did she care

2. On no account ____ borrow money from friends, and still less___dependent on the favors of rich relatives.(1990) A. I would, I would be B. would I, I would be C. would I, would I be D. I would, would I be (3) 副词位于句首时，句子可部分倒装，也可不用。 1. Stealthily out of the room.2004

A. The girl crept B. Crept the girl C. Did the girl crept D. Creeps the girl (4) so\\ neither\\ nor 位于句首时。 1. So +助动词+主语：…也一样。

2. So +主语+助动词：…确实如此。承前肯定so只能指定一件事情，两件事情用so it is(the same) with sb 1. It is going to be fine tomorrow. _______.2009

A. So is it. B. So it is. C. So it does. D. So does it.

3. Neither 和 Nor 用于否定句，表示“ 也不，也没有”。Neither\\ Nor +助动词+主语 1. He is not under arrest, _____ any restriction on him. (1995)

A. or the police have placed B. or have the police placed C. nor the police have placed D. nor have the police placed

(5) 在“so + adj./adv. + that…”句式中，将“so + adj./adv. ”放在句首时的倒装。

1. So badly _____ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months. (1994) A. did he injure B. injured him C. was he injured D. he was injured (6) not only … but also…; not...until 句式的倒装(前倒后不倒)

1. Not until a monkey is several years old__ to exhibit signs of independence from its mother. (1991) A. it does begin B. when it begins C. does it begin D. before it begins

专四语法考点串讲之九：反义疑问句 1) 反义疑问句的人称

(1) 陈述部分主语是\时，附加问句的人称分二种情况： A. I hope that…, don't you? I can't believe it, can you?

B. I will be 14 tomorrow, aren't I? I am interested in it, aren't I?

(2) 陈述部分主语是everything、nothing、something等时看作单数，附加问句用it指代。

(3) 陈述部分主语是everyone、everybody、nobody、somebody、someone、no one 、anybody、any one

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