必修一单词及语言点总结(4)

1) n.

a) [U] protection, especially from bad weather or danger b) a building that

protects you from weather or danger.

2) vt. to protect someone or sth from bad weather or danger;

vi. to stay in a place in order to be protected from bad weather or danger The umbrella is a poor shelter from heavy rain.

Their immediate need is for food, clothing and shelter. The wall sheltered us from the wind.

She was accused of sheltering a murderer. She wad sheltered by the USA.

In the rain people were sheltering in the doorways of shops. 16.fresh adj.

1) new and different (only before a noun );

2) recently picked, caught, produced and therefore in good condition (used of food); 3) clean, cool and pleasant

They buy fresh meat.

This kind of fish lives in fresh water. She is fresh from university. She is quite fresh to office work.

17.percent

n. parts for each 100

The bank has increased its interest rate by one percent. Over ninety percent of the islanders here are illiterate.

He spends a large percent of his income on food and drink.

18. speech

n. 1) [C] a formal talk to a group of listeners 2) [U] the ability to speak or the act of speaking 3) [U] way of speaking

The chairman made an opening speech.

She is researching speech development in children. We express our thoughts by speech.

By your speech I can tell you're from Hong Kong.

19. judge

1) vi. & vt. to decide who or what is the winner in a competition

2) [vt. + that] to form or give an opinion about someone or sth after careful thought judging from, judging by… 3) n.

a public official who has the power to decide questions brought before a court of law; a person who has the knowledge and experience to give an opinion about the value of sth

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You can't judge a book by its cover. He is going to judge the first race. We must judge whether he is guilty. The prisoner was taken before the judge. He was one of the judges at the horse race.

20. honour

1) n. a) [U] great respect and admiration

b) [sing] sth that brings great respect and pride 2) v. to show respect to sb. or to praise sb. publicly We fight for the honor of our country. He is an honor to our school.

Children should be taught to show honor to their elders. He honors his teachers.

20. prepare 1) vt.

to make sth. ready for a future event or action 2) vi.

to get ready to do sth.

They prepared themselves for the worst.

When we arrived home, mother had already prepared dinner for us. I was preparing for bed when I heard a knock at the door.

Useful expressions 1.right away

at once ; in no time; immediately I will return the book right away.

I am getting in touch with him right away. We are about to start right away.

2.end

1) at an end finish; over

It seems that the world was at en end. 2) bring? to an end ＝put an end to?

I wonder how I can bring the dispute to an end. ＝I wonder how I can put an end to the dispute. 3) come to an end

The meeting came to an end at midnight. 4) at the end of…

At the end of the road there is a shop. 5) by the end of…

How many English words have you learned by the end of last term?

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6) in the end =at last; finally He will be a scientist in the end.

3.dig out

1) to get sth out of a place, using a spade or your hands

2 )to find sth you have not seen for a long time, or that is not easy to find Let’s dig out the roots.

Why did you dig out all those old magazines? We must dig the truth out of him.

4. a (good \\ great \\ large) number of+ n.(pl.) many; a large quantity of; a lot of

A good number of students are not interested in modern art. I’ve seen the film a number of times.

The Great Wall attracts a great number of foreign tourists every day. the number of…

The number of private colleges has increased. = Private colleges have increased in number. ５. give out

1) to give sth to a number of different people, especially to give information to people 2) to produce light, heat, a sound, a gas, smell etc You have no right to give my telephone number out.

Students were giving out leaflets(传单)to everyone on the street. The teacher gave out the examination papers. The radiator (散热器) is giving out a lot of heat.

与give有关的常用短语还有： give away 送掉，捐赠 give in 让步，屈服

give off 发出（气味、光、热、声音等），此时相当于give out give up 放弃

give back 归还 ６. thousands of

基数词＋s，并不表示确切的具体数字，可以单独使用，也可以先接介词of再接复数名词。 There are thousands of people in the park on May Day. Thousands of people died of hunger.

Mr. Smith gave thousands of books to the school. 注意：tens of thousands of 数以百万计的 hundreds of hundreds of 成百上千的 hundreds of thousands of 数十万的 millions of 数百万的

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela — a modern hero

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Word usage

1.willing adj: desiring to do what is wanted; not objecting eg. They are willing to come.

He is willing to do the job without payment.’

2.prison n: building for confining person convicted or accused of a crime eg. He was sent to prison for damaging public property. 词组be in prison在狱中， eg .He is now still in prison.

put /throw sb into prison 把某人投入监狱

The two noblemen put/ threw Dr. Manette into prison without mercy. 3．law n

a) system of rules which are used to govern the conduct of a nation

eg. He was against the law of the country, as a result, he was sentenced to death. b) the science or study of such rules eg. He is interested in the laws of nature. 3.advise v: suggest

eg. We advised her that she (should) wait. 这个词跟suggest都表示建议之义，但要表示建议某人做某事只能用advise sb to do sth, 不能用suggest sb to do sth

advise,suggest 后接宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气。

其名词形式为advice,是一个不可数名词,要表达一条建议只能说成a piece of advice 4.equal adj:the same in number, quality, size, etc eg. Everybody had an equal chance. be equal to，be fit for胜任 eg. He is not equal to the job 5.reward

a)n: something given or received for service

eg. It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work. b)v: to give a reward to

eg. Winners will be rewarded a trip to England. 6．hero n:

a) man admired for his brave deeds. Eg. He is a war hero.

b) chief male character in a story, play etc. eg. Tony is the hero in this play.

7.quality n: characteristic or level of goodness eg. She has many good qualities.

One quality of this material is that it can endure much tress. 8.peaceful adj: calm or quiet

eg. Our country is a peaceful country. It is a peaceful garden. 9.vote

a)n: the result of an election

eg. He was chosen as president by vote.

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b) to support or express by a vote eg. We have the right to vote.

10. accept v: receive or say yes to an offer eg. He accepted the reward.

She refused to accept his invitation. 11. position n: place or post of employment eg. I want to know the position of the shop. The guns are in position.

He has a high position in society.

Useful expressions 1. lose heart

eg. Don’t lose heart you still have many chances. Though he failed many times, he didn’t lose heart.

2. (be) in trouble : in a situation that involves danger, pain, worry, etc eg. When I am in trouble, I always ask him for help.

If we can’t finish the job on time, we will be in a lot of trouble.

3. fight against / with: struggle against sb/sth using physical force, in a war, battle, etc eg. He fought against the enemy in the war.

England fought with Germany in the war of 1914—1918. 4. worry about: make sb anxious

eg. She worried about her missing son. I worried about the result of the exam. 5. out of work: not having a paid job eg. She has been out of work for a year.

He needs his family’s support because is out of work. 6.as a matter of fact: in fact

eg. As a matter of fact, I don’t know the truth.

He doesn’t mind at all. As a matter of fact he’s pleased. 7.blow up a) explode

eg. The bomb blew up. b) lose one’s temper

I’m sorry I blew up at you. 8. come to power: in power

eg. Things have changed a lot since he came to power. He came to power last year. 9. set up : establish or create sth

eg. One organization will be set up to solved the problem. They set up a tent to spend the night.

10. be sentenced to: state that sb is to have a certain punishment eg. The thief was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment The criminal was sentenced to death.

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