大学英语四级重点语法精要(2)

大学英语四级语法精要

10） To do/doing/主从+vs. 例：More than one + n.；many a +n.；

a day or two 2、如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as,

as much as, no less than, more than等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.

· Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.

The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.

3、 代词作主语时一致

1）each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词,作单数看待.

· Each of us has something to say. Is everybody ready?

Somebody is using the phone. 2） some, few, both, many 等作复数

3） some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一。none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念, 但none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数:

· None of the books are easy enough for us. None of us seem

to have thought of it.

None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did. None of this worries me.

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大学英语四级语法精要

4）all 和most 可后接复数,也可接不可数名词 (all of the?, most

of the ?), 动词用单数.

4、由and 或 both? and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数; 由not

only?but (also), either?or, neither?nor或 or 连接的并列主语, 谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致.

1）Not only the switches but also the old writing has been

changed.

My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.

Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.

2）如果一个句子是由there 或here引导, 而主语又不止一个, 谓语

通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致.

· There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix. Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. 5、people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作复数.

1）Cattle are grazing on the pasture. The police are looking for him.

2）有些集体名词有时作单数看待, 有时作复数看待, 主要根据意思来

决定.

· His family isn’t very large. The committee meets twice a month. The audience was enormous.

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大学英语四级语法精要

The audience were greatly moved at the words. 3）有些名词单复数同形, 可根据意思决定谓语动词的数: · This new series is beginning next month. These new series are beginning next month. This species is now extinct. These species are now extinct.

4、 表示时间, 重量, 长度, 价值等的名词, 尽管仍是复数形式, 如

果作整体看待, 动词也可用单数形式 (当然用复数动词也是可以的):

· Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. One hundred li was covered in a single night. 6、其他问题

1）书名, 国家名用单数:

· Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb. 2） 学科名, 如mathematics, economics用单数.

3） many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数形式:

· Many a person has had that kind of experience. More than one person has involved in the case. 4）a number of 后接复数, the number of后接单数:

· A number of books have been published on the subject. The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing. 5）one of those 后用单数. 在“one of + 复数名词 +关系分句”结

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大学英语四级语法精要

构中，关系分句中谓语动词的单复数形式在一般情况下有两形式，一是根据先行词采用复数形式：

· Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be

helpful.

6）当one 之前与the only 等限定词和修饰语时，关系分句谓语动词

根据one 而定，即采用单数形式：

· He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment. 二、非谓语动词 （一）不定式 1、形式 一般式 完成式 主动形式 to do to have done 被动形式 to be done to have been done 进行式 to be doing have doing been 完成进行to 式 1） 完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式.

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大学英语四级语法精要

· I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen

your mother).

(比较: I am glad to see you.)

He is said to have written a new book about workers. He pretended not to have seen me.

2） 进行式: 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式.

· You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite

recovered yet.

We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. He pretended to be listening attentively.

3） 完成进行式: 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用

不定式的完成进行式.

· The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years. We are happy to have been working with you.

4） 被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受

者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式.

· It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. She hated

to be flattered.

He wanted the letter to be typed at once. This is bound to be found out.

There are a lot of things to be done. She was too young to be assigned such work.

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