光机电一体化毕业设计翻译题(8)

FIGURE 2.10 Real-time simulation: hybrid structures. (a)

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation. (b) Control prototyping. and the sensors are simulated. The reason is that actuators and the control hardware very often form one integrated subsystem or that actuators are difficult to model precisely and to simulate in real time. (The use of real sensors together with a simulated process may require considerable realization efforts, because the physical sensor input does not exist and must be generated artificially.) In order to change or redesign some functions of the control hardware or software, a bypass unit can be connected to the basic control hardware. Hence, hardware-in-the-loop simulators may also contain partially simulated (emulated) control functions. The advantages of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation are generally: design and testing of the control hardware and software without operating a real process (―moving the process field into the laboratory‖); testing of the control hardware and software under extreme environmental conditions in the laboratory (e.g., high/low temperature, high accelerations and mechanical shocks, aggressive media, electro-magnetic compatibility); . testing of the effects of faults and failures of actuators, sensors, and computers on the overall system;operating and testing of extreme and dangerous operating conditions; reproducible experiments, frequently repeatable; easy operation with different man-machine interfaces (cockpit-design and training of operators); and saving of cost and development time. Control Prototyping For the design and testing of complex control systems and their algorithms under real-time constraints, a real-time controller simulation (emulation) with hardware (e.g., off-the-shelf signal processor) other than the final series production hardware (e.g., special ASICS) may be performed. The process, the actuators, and sensors can then be real. This is called control prototyping (Fig. 2.10(b)). However, parts of the process or actuators may be simulated, resulting in a mixture of

HIL-simulation and control prototyping. The advantages are mainly: early development of signal processing methods, process models, and control system structure, including algorithms with high level software and high performance off-the-shelf hardware; testing of signal processing and control systems, together with other design of actuators, process parts, and sensor technology, in order to create synergetic effects; .2002 CRC Press LLC

图2.10：混合结构的实时仿真。（一）半实物仿真。（二）控制原型。和传感器模拟。原因是，执行器和控制硬件往往形成一个综合子系统或执行器难以精确模型和实时模拟。（使用真正的传感器与模拟过程可能需要相当大的努力实现，因为物理传感器输入不存在，必须人为地产生。）为了改变或重新设计的某些功能的控制硬件或软件，一个旁路装置可以连接到基本控制硬件。因此，半实物仿真也可能包含部分模拟（仿真）控制功能。优势的半实物仿真一般是：设计和测试控制的硬件和软件操作过程（―移动过程领域的实验室‖）；检测控制硬件和软件的极端环境条件下在实验室（例如，高/低温，高加速度和机械冲击，积极媒体，电磁兼容性）；。测试的影响，错误和失败执行器，传感器，和计算机对整个系统的运行和测试；极端和危险的工作条件；重复性实验，经常重复的；易于操作的人机界面（cockpit-design和操作人员培训）；和节省开发时间和成本。控制原型的设计和测试复杂的控制系统及其算法实时限制，实时控制器模拟（仿真）和硬件（例如，现成的信号处理器）比其他的最后系列生产硬件（例如，专用的ASIC）可以执行。这个过程中，执行器和传感器，可以是真实的。这被称为控制原型（图2.10（a））。然而，部分过程或执行器可以模拟，产生一个混合hil-simulation和控制原型。其优点是：早期发展的信号处理方法，过程模型，控制系统结构，包括算法具有高水平和高性能现成的硬件；测试信号处理和控制系统，与其他设计机构，过程，和传感器技术，以便产生协同效应.2002 CRC出版社有限责任公司

.reduction of models and algorithms to meet the requirements of

cheaper mass production hardware; and defining the specifications for final hardware and software. Some of the advantages of HIL-simulation also hold for control prototyping. Some references for real-time simulation are [48,49].

减少模型和算法。符合要求的便宜批量生产五金；和确定的规格最

终硬件和软件。一些优点hil-simulation保持控制原型。一些参考实时仿真[48,49]

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