使用修改后的BCR连续提取法从新加坡的沿海海洋沉积物中的金属形(3)

得的低17倍，高达23倍，低于6报道地点在西班牙巴塞罗那港，（见表3）。总体而言，相比于中国和西班牙，新加坡的海洋沉积物中的金属总含量可视为相对较低的。

3.3 金属形态

从海洋沉积物提取时的每个萃取步骤的内容可推断出镉、铬、铜、镍、铅和锌,这些金属的提取比例如表4所示。克兰芝相对于那些在德光岛的沉积物中的所有的金属除了镉，占有更高比例的酸溶性分数(最不稳定的部分),反映出在克兰芝的铬、铜、镍、铅和锌的流动性和生物适应性高于德光岛。这个非残余分数(酸溶性+可约+ 氧化性- 残余)在克兰芝的金属沉积物中是更大的(81%的镉21%的铬68%的铜;45%的镍;44%的铅和81%的锌)，相比于德光岛(50%的镉17%的铬48%的铜23%的镍;38%的铅和39%的锌)。因此,结果表明,相对于那些属于德光岛，克兰芝沉积物中的重金属可能更多的用于交换和/或释放到海洋环境,。克兰芝沉积物中,重金属的流动性减序依次为镉> 镍>锌> 铜>铅> 铬。 与此同时,从德光岛的沉积物中镉、镍、铅和铬有相同的顺序反向为铜和锌(铜>锌)。

元素的研究表明,镉出席了相对最高水平的酸溶性派(克兰芝和德光岛的样本分别为31%和33%)。这些结果与研究结果出自西班牙的巴塞罗那。然而,镉几乎是发现可约分数,推断镉绑定到铁、锰氧化物的研究区域是非常低的。比较两个采样点的数据的结果，镉的沉积物中分布模式是不同的。占主导地位的比例的镉被发现在可氧化的分数(50%),克兰芝沉积物,可能由于较高含量的有机质、硫化物的物质,可以很容易氧化。相比之下,在德光岛,镉的最高浓度(50%)被发现在化学上的最惰性的,生物可利用性最低。 不像镉的重金属分析，铬是最少的移动在沉积物来自两个抽样地点拥有最高比例的剩余部分(克兰芝和德光岛分别为79%和83%)。再一次,这些结果是来自西班牙的巴塞罗那。在西班牙和中国的其他的研究的进行也显示了,铬被发现主要在剩余分数在所有样本。这些结果表明,铬最强结构为水晶结构的沉积物。在目前的研究中,类似的结果的形态观察,既铬采样站点的观察(见表2 a和2 b)。

铜主要是绑定到有机物和硫化物,尤其是在沉积物从克兰芝比例最高。高稳定常数的有机铜化合物导致稳定的复杂有机物之间形成铜它已被证明在其他的研究中,在氧化条件下,铜的溶解度增加,因为它是一个亲铜元素,主要是绑定到硫化物在自然这就解释了结果获得铜在这项研究中。结论与其他研究的结果发现一个大比例的铜沉积物中有机分数有关。 最高比例的镍和铅被发现在剩余分数在两克兰芝(分别为55%和56%)和德光岛(分别为77%和62%),表明这些金属被强烈地绑定到沉积物。类似的结果也出现在倪海洋沉积物,铅是主导的剩余部分的海洋沉积物从东中国海。关于铅、两个抽样地点有一个类似的分布模式(见表2 a和2 b)。事实上，大部分的铅是存在于残余馏分，其次是可还原的馏分（绑定到Fe和Mn的氧化物），在从克兰芝和德光岛沉积物中分别为40%和33%的值。这是和莫里略等人的报到结果是一致的，这也表明，铁和锰的水合氧化物是铅沉积物中重要的食腐动物。 对沉积物中Zn，克兰芝沉积物的总含量的81％是在非残留部分，而在德光岛沉积物中发现大部分Zn的残余部分（61％），表明在不断变化的环境条件下克兰芝的沉积物中的Zn比德光岛的更为可用。在克兰芝沉积物氧化部分（以有机结合态和硫化物）可以观察到Zn的最高值。Zn的部分有机物和硫化物结合。这可能是由于输入的有机物质是从柔佛位于铜锣马方以及附近的虾和鱼类养殖场的城市的认为排放。

4. 结论

修改后的BCR连续提取程序已应用于新加坡的两个沿海地区的海洋沉积物来评估潜在的

流动性和沉积物中重金属对周围环境转移的可能性。此外，为了确定存储在海洋沉积物中重金属的存储，总金属含量已经获得。这是在新加坡的第一个这样的研究。研究表明，在新加坡东北海岸的克兰芝海洋沉积物中重金属污染是比德光岛的西北海岸更为严重，最有可能是由于人为排放与从柔佛市到柔佛海峡的流域径流。总的来说，在新加坡的海洋沉积物中的总金属含量低于那些在西班牙和中国的报道。然而，由于沉积物可以作为海洋体系中重金属的储层，其对环境的潜在风险是必须考虑的。

基于改进的BCR连续提取法分析获得的数据，可以得出结论：所有的金属测定，除Cd外，克兰芝比德光岛具有更多的移动性和更强的生物适应性。以改变现行环境条件（例如，pH值、氧化还原电位等）克兰芝地区的沉积物重金属转移到水体中比德光岛更容易发生。分析的元素中，Cd有最高的迁移率，Cr是最不稳定的。总的来说，Cr和Pb的分布在两个相似的采样点，而海洋沉积物中的Cd、Cu、Ni和Zn分布在从两个不相同的采样点。

5. 感谢

作者想感谢热带海洋科学研究所，新加坡国立大学的设施沉积物采样和为测量设施。我们感谢Subramanian Karuppiah博士和Oliver Wurl，为了他们在各自领域的帮助和熟练的帮助。

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