Chaper 1 A letter from a pen-friend 一封笔友的来信
一 单词汇总 chapter n. 章节 trainer n. (无钉的)软运动鞋 below pep.在??下面 idle adj. 懒惰的 rugby n.英式橄榄球运动 inaudible adj. 听不见的 hockey n.曲棍球 shut v. 关上,关闭 badminton n.羽毛球运动 full name 全名 title n.标题 inch n. 英寸 signature n.署名,签名 geography n. 地理 top-right adj.右上角的 probably adv. 可能,大概,也许 greeting n.问候 meal n. 餐,饭食 foot n.英尺 university n.大学 hobby n.兴趣,业余爱好 leave school (毕业)离校 chess n.国际象棋 birth n. 出生 own v. 拥有 European n. 欧洲人 be keen on 喜爱 actress n. 女演员 physics n.物理学 recently adv. 近来 ambition n.雄心,野心 clearly adv. 清楚地 enclose v.附上 couple n. 夫妇 dictionary n.字典,词典 adopt v. 收养 steak n.牛排 omen n.预兆 punch n. 伴汁酒 destined adj.注定 all in 精疲力竭的 embassy n.大使馆
二 重点难点解析
1. Now my parents own a Chinese restaurant.现在我的父母拥有一家中国餐馆。 1)own作动词时,意为“拥有,所有”。例:She owns a car but rarely drives it.她有一辆车,但很少开。 2)own作形容词或代词时,意为“自己的”,其前必须要有名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。例:
This is Jack\\'s own room.这是杰克自己的房间。 I saw it with my own eyes.这是我亲眼所见。 3)owner名词“主人,物主”。例:The owner of the restaurant is an oversea Chinese.饭店的主人是位海外华人。
2. 1 have a brother called Edwin.我有一个名叫埃德温的哥哥。(called 作brother的后置定语) ① called Edwin为v-ed分词短语,作定语时通常后置。例:
I\\'ve bought a video camera made in Japan.我买了一部日本产的摄像机。 (made 作video camera 的后置定语0 ②called意为“称呼,名叫”,与它意思相同的还有:named, with the name of. 3. He works as an architect.他担任建筑师的工作。 ☆as在句中作介词,意为“以??身份,作为”。
例:He was famous as a singer.作为一位歌手他很著名。
be famous as … 作为… 而著名 be famous for… 因…而著名
☆architect n.建筑师 architecture n.建筑学
4. enclose?随信附上?? 随信寄照片、资料等,都可以用这一表达方法。例:
My brother enclosed a photo of my niece in his letter.我哥哥随信附上一张我侄女的照片。 5. How many brothers and sisters has he got? 他有多少兄弟姐妹?
☆动词have/have got意义相同,但have got用法在疑问句和答语中略有不同。 Have you got three lessons every day? Yes, I have. /No, I haven\\'t.你每天上三节课吗?是的,上三节课。/不,没有。(在have got结构中,have为助动词,可构成疑问句和否定句。)Do you have three lessons every day? Yes, I do. /No, I don\\'t.你每天上三节课吗?是的,上三节课。/不,没有。(have用作行为动词时,需加助动词do构成疑问句和否定句。) 三 语法讲解 1.特殊疑问句
(1)常见的特殊疑问词有: What(事情),Where(地点),When(时间),Which(选择),Who(人), How(方式),How old(年龄),How far(距离),How many(数量),How much(数量/价格),How big(大小),How long(时间或距离长短),how soon ( 多久,表时间); how often (多久,表频率)etc . (2)特殊疑问句结构
1)疑问词+一般疑问句How do people get drinking water?
2)对主语或主语部分提问时,结构是:疑问词+谓语部分Who helps to keep the environment clean?
2.不定冠词a/an
“a”用在以辅音音素(而非辅音字母)开始的单词前,如:a beautiful girl, a useful book等;而“an”则用于以元音音素开始的单词前,如:an hour(h 不发音), an umbrella,
Chapter 2 A day in the life of?whiz一kid Wendy神童温迪的一天
一 单词汇总
subtitle n.副标题
similar adj.相似的,类似的 expect v.期待
successful adj.成功的 whiz-kid. 神童
business n.生意,公司 luckily adv.幸运地 manager n.经理
responsible adj.有责任的 be responsible for 对??负责 sale v.卖,销售 accountant n.会计 boring adj.乏味的
simple adj.简单的,容易的 achieve v.得到,实现 grade n.分数
fail v. 失败,不及格 exam n.考试 collect v. 接走
client a.顾客,主顾 return v.回,返回 attend v.参加,出席 assist v.帮助,支援 continue v. 继续,延续
seldom adv.很少,不常,难得 duty n.责任
gain v. 得到,获得
usual adj.通常的,平常的 guard n.警卫,保安
messenger n.送信者,报信者 construction n.建筑,施工 daydream v. 作白日梦,空想
lose one\\'s tempe 发脾气 jogging n.慢跑 wish v. 想要某事物,希望 mathematics n.数学 tell the truth 说实话 P. E. n.体育(课) champion n.冠军,优胜者
二 重点难点解析
1. Wendy Wang must be one of the top students in Shanghai.温迪?王一定是上海的高材生之一。 *Must是情态动词,在这里表示猜测的意思,意为“一定是”,通常只用于肯定句,在否定句或疑问句中用can表示猜测。例:It must be true.那一定是真的。Can it be true?那可能是真的吗?
It can\\'t be true.那不可能是真的。
总结:must be 表示肯定推测;can’t 表否定推测; mustn’t 表禁止 *one of the top students = one of the best students高材生之一 \\\one of+名词复数”表示“??之一”
2. Now all of her family work in her business.现在所有她的家人都在她的公司工作。 ☆family表示“家庭”或“家人”,是集合名词,若视为整体,动词用单数,若指家庭成员,则动词用复数。例: My family is very large.我家是个大家庭(family指家庭)。My family are all very well.我的家人都很好(指家庭成员)。
☆business n.生意businessman n.商人(男)businesswoman n.商人(女) busy adj.忙的busily adv.忙地
3.辨析:put on穿上,wear穿着,dress穿着,打扮
☆put on强调穿衣的动作,宾语须是物;wear表示穿着衣服的状态,宾语是物;dress既可指动作也可指状态,但宾语须是人。例:You\\'d better put on your coat if you want to go out.如果想出去最好把衣服穿上。
He is wearing a new suit today.他今天穿了一套新的西装。 She dresses her child every day.她每天都要给孩子穿衣服。 4. over half a million超过50万
☆over作介词,意为“超过,多于”,相当于more than。例: He was away over (more than) a month.他离开一个多月了。
5. I always go to school in my own car. 我总是坐我自己的车去上学。 in one\\'s car = by car坐小汽车
6. 辨析:enough to,too?to,so?that
☆enough to 和 too?to 构成简单句,so?that 构成复合句;enough to 和 so?that 表示肯定,too?to 和 so?that 表示否定。例:I am not old enough to drive.= I am too young to drive.= I am so young that I can’t drive. 我太小了,不能开车。 7. 辨析:attend, take part in, join
☆三者都有“参加”之意。attend 指参加、出席会议;take part in 多指参加活动;join 指加入组织、团体、党派。例:My father attends a meeting every Thursday afternoon.我爸爸每周四下午要去开会。
You’d better take part in all the activities at school. 你最好参加学校的各项活动。 Do you want to join the League? 你想入团吗?
8. On Friday we have Computer Club meetings. 每周五我们都参加电脑社会议。
☆have用作行为动词,常与一名词连用表示与该名词相当的动词意义,如:have a meeting/a swim/a walk/ a lesson?开会/游泳/散步/上课??。 否定句和疑问句中要用助动词
do/does/did。例:-Do you often have a walk after supper? –Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.
9. I go to my office and continue working on my games. 然后我到办公室继续设计电脑游戏。 ☆ continue doing sth 继续做某事。例:How can you continue writing in such dim light?这么暗的光线你怎么能继续写呢?
三 语法讲解 1.一般现在时
一般现在时表示目前的状态及经常发生或习惯性的动作,常与usually, often, sometimes, every day等状语连用。也可用于表达一种客观事实、习惯和作息时间表。 1)谓语用动词原形;当主语为第三人称时,动词后+s/es. I get up at six every morning?
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 2)动词第三人称单数变化规则如下: (1)一般动词后+s;
(2)以s/x/ch/sh结尾的动词+es. mixes/discusses/washes/teaches (3)go/do十es,goes/does
(4)一些以y结尾的动词如y前是辅音字母,则将Y改成i + es. studies/hurries/worries (5)如y前是元音字母就加s. plays/stays
3)其否定句或疑问句是用助动词do或does构成。 Do you have lunch at school? Yes,I do. /No, I don\\'t.
Does he go to work on foot? Yes,he does./No, he doesn\\'t. I don\\'t go to school on Sundays.
She doesn\\'t do her homework at home.
2.频度副词(always, usually, sometimes, seldom, often...)在句子中的位置
1)位于主要行为动词的前面。例: He often does his homework in the evening. (does是行为动词)
2)位于be 动词的后面。例:She is always late for school.(is是be动词)
3)位于助动词和主要行为动词之间。例:I don\\'t usually go to school by bus. (don\\'t是助动,go是行为动词)
3.how often来询问动作所发生的频率。
4.时间状语(once一次 twice两次 three times三次 four times四次 on Monday/every day, etc.)常位于句首或句末。
Chapter 3 Dealing with troubles 处理麻烦事
一 单词汇总
dial v. 拨(电话号码) diary n.日记
argue v. 争论,争吵 deal with 对付,处理 argument n.争论,争吵 shout at 向??大声嚷嚷 hold out 伸出,端出 crowd n.人群
stare v.盯,凝视 go on 发生,进行 steal v.偷,窃取 postcard n.明信片
notice v. 察觉到,注意到 handbag n.手提包 follow v. 跟随
ring v.(钟、铃等)鸣,响
aboard adv.在机上,在船上 rob v.抢劫,盗取??的财物 wait v. 等候 in time 及时 hurry to 匆忙赶到 pleased adj.高兴的 strange adj.奇怪的 definitely adv.确定地,清楚地 report v.报告,汇报 attack v.进攻,攻击 robbery n.抢劫(案),盗窃(案) baseball n.棒球 railing n.栏杆 gun n.枪 detail n.细节 arrest v.逮捕 as conj.当??时 smash v.粉碎,击溃 handcuffs n.手拷 daring adj.大胆的,勇敢的 noisily adv .嘈杂地,喧闹地 take place 发生 amusing adj.引人发笑的 gang n.一伙 unusual adj.不平常的,奇异的 towards prep.向,朝 law n.法律 reach v.到达 realize v.认识到,了解 writer n.作家 permission n.允许,许可 scientist n.科学家
二 重点难点解析
1. No one knew what was happening.没有人知道发生了什么事。
这是一句由连接代词what引导的宾语从句,连接词要位于从句的前面,起连接主句和从句的作用,从句用陈述句语序。例:I wonder whose house that is(而不是is that).我想知道那是谁的房子。
2. What\\'s going on?发生什么事了? 与它意思相同的表达还有:What\\'s up? /What\\'s happening?
3. Was my father afraid of that man? 我爸爸害怕那个人吗?
1)be afraid of sb/sth害怕??。例:She is afraid of dogs.她怕狗。
2) be afraid that恐怕??。例:I\\'m afraid that I\\'ve broken your pen.恐怕我弄坏了你的钢笔。
4. He quickly dialled 110.他迅速拨打110。 dial+具体电话号码= phone sb 给??打电话。
5. Three young men started talking to us.三个年轻人开始跟我们交谈。
*start doing sth开始做??。例:It\\'s autumn and leaves start falling.秋天到了,树叶开始落下。
☆辫析:tell,speak,talk,say
tell告诉,常见的短语有:tell a lie说谎,tell sb to do sth告诉??做??;tell sb about sth告诉??关于??的情况,tell a story讲故事。speak说,后面接语言,如:speak German说德语。talk to/with sb (about sth)与某人谈论(有关??事)。say说,后面接内容。例: She said he could speak very good English.她说他英语说得很好。
Tell him not to talk about the thing any longer。告诉他不要再谈论这件事了。 6. Please meet the ferry.请去迎接渡船。 meet sb 意为“迎接某人”。例: Will you meet her at the station?你到车站去接她吗? 7. As we got off, we saw them.我们下船时看见他们了。 这是由as引导的时间状语从句。表示“当??时”,主句和从句的动作同时发生。例:I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.就在你要说的时候,我也想到了。
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