高中英语语法专题复习教案大全15个教案(5)

（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如： The person there is waiting for you.

（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：

a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,

the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings （10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。

①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。

②表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：

deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低 deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微 ③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词： dead完全，绝对be dead asleep deadly非常be deadly tired

pretty相当be pretty certain that… prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed close近Don’t sit close. closely密切地Watch closely!

late晚、迟arrive late, come late

lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently). 2、复合形容词的构成 （1）形容词 + 名词 + ed

kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的 (2)形容词 + 形容词

red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的 （3）形容词 + 现在分词

good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的

（4）副词 + 现在分词

hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的 （5）副词 + 过去分词

hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的 （6）名词 + 形容词

life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的 （7）名词 + 现在分词

peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的 （8）名词 + 过去分词

snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的 （9）数词 + 名词 + ed

four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的 （10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数） ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的 3、形容词和副词的比较等级 （1）原级的构成和用法。

构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。

用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：

Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.

This building looks not so (as)high as that one. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you . This room is three times as large as that one. （2）比较级和最高级的构成。

掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。 （3）比较级的用法。

①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如： This picture is more beautiful than that one.

②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如：

This room is less beautiful than that one.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如：

He works even harder than before.

注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：

She is better than she was yesterday Please come earlier tomorrow.

另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：

He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如：

The harder he works, the happier he feels.

⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：

The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。

He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.

⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。

The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

⑧倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.

(4)最高级的用法。

①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：

Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works(the)hardest in his class.

②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：

This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.

How much did the secon most expensive hat cost? ③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。

④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如： He is the tallest (boy) in his class.

⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如： Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. (5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。

①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。

②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如： He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very) The film is most interesting.(most=very)

③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。如： who is the older of the tow boys?

④在“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”结构中。 ⑤在same前一般要加the。

⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。

（6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。 ① as much as + 不可数名词数量。 Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons. She could earn as much as ten dollars a week. ②as many as + 可数名词数量 多达 I have as a many as sixteen referrence books. ③as early as早在

As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island. ④as far as远到；就……而知（论）

We might go as far as (走到)the church and back. As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before. ⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如 Then you might as well stay with us here. ⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，极其

They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。 ⑦as … as one can

He began to run, as fast as he could. ⑧as … as possible

Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible. (7)几组重要的词语辨析。

①very 和much的区别。（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these days.We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多

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