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The Author's Account of Himself (1) (Washington Irving)

I was always fond of visiting new scenes, and observing strange characters and manners. Even when a mere child I began my travels, and made many tours of discovery into foreign parts and unknown regions of my native city, to the frequent alarm of my parents, and the emolument of the town crier. As I grew into boyhood, I extended the range of my observations. My holiday

afternoons were spent in rambles about the surrounding country. I made myself familiar with all its places famous in history or fable. I knew every spot where a murder or robbery had been committed, or a ghost seen. I visited the neighboring villages, and added greatly to my stock of knowledge, by noting their habits and customs, and conversing with their sages and great men. I even journeyed one long summer's day to the summit of the most distant hill, whence I stretched my eye over many a mile of terra incognita, and was astonished to find how vast a globe I inhabited.

This rambling propensity strengthened with my years. Books of voyages and travels became my passion, and in devouring their contents, I neglected the regular exercises of the school. How wistfully would I wander about the pier-heads in fine weather, and watch the parting ships, bound to distant climes; with what longing eyes would I gaze after their lessening sails, and waft myself in imagination to the ends of the earth!

Further reading and thinking, though they brought this vague inclination into more reasonable bounds, only served to make it more decided. I visited various parts of my own country; and had I been merely a lover of fine scenery, I should have felt little desire to seek elsewhere its

gratification, for on no country had the charms of nature been more prodigally lavished. Her mighty lakes, her oceans of liquid silver; her mountains, with their bright aerial tints; her valleys, teeming with wild fertility; her tremendous cataracts, thundering in their solitudes; her boundless plains, waving with spontaneous verdure; her broad, deep rivers, rolling in solemn silence to the ocean; her trackless forests, where vegetation puts forth all its magnificence; her skies, kindling with the magic of summer clouds and glorious sunshine;--no, never need an American look beyond his own country for the sublime and beautiful of natural scenery.

见闻札记 作者自叙

高健 译:

我平生最喜游览新境,考察种种异地人物及其风习。早在童稚时期,我的旅行即已开始,观察区域之广,遍及我出生城镇的各个偏僻之所与罕至之地;此事固曾使我的父母饱受虚惊,市镇报讯人却也赖以沾益颇丰。及长, 我观察的范围继续扩大。无数假日下午尽行消磨在郊垌的漫游之中。那里一切在历史上或传说上有名的地方,我无不十分熟悉。我知道那里的每一处杀人越货之所与鬼魂出现之地。我继而访问了许多邻村,观察其地的风俗习惯, 并与当地的圣贤与伟人接谈, 因而极大增加了我的原有见闻。一次,在一个漫长的夏日,我竟漫游到了一座远山之巅,登临纵目,望见了数不尽的无名 广土, 因而惊悟所居天地之宽。

这种浪游的习性在我竟随着年龄而俱增。描写海与陆的游记成了我的酷嗜,寝馈其中,致废课业。在天气晴和的日子里,我往往怀着多么渴慕的心 情漫步在码头周围,凝视着一艘艘离

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去的船只驶赴迢迢的远方;我曾以何等希羡的眼神目送着那渐渐消逝的桅帆,并在想象之中自己也随风飘越至地角天边!

此后进一步的阅读与思考虽使这种渺茫的向往稍就理性之范,却适足以使之更其固定。我游历了自己国土的各个地方;而如果我的爱好仅限于妍丽景物的追逐, 则快心悦目,尽可以无须远求,因为纯以大自然的妩媚而论,此邦却可谓得天独厚,世罕其俦。试想她那银波荡漾、与海相若的浩渺湖面;那晴光耀眼、顶作天青的巍峨群山;那粗犷而富饶盈衍的峡岸溪谷;那雷鸣喧豗于阒寂之中的巨大飞瀑急湍;那绿色葱茏、好风阵阵的无际平原;那庄严静谧、滚滚入海的深广江流;那万木争荣、无径可循的茂密森林;那夏云丽日、谲诡幻变的灿烂天空;——不,在自然景物的壮丽方面,美国人从不需要舍本土而远求。

夏济安 译:

我喜欢游历,见识各地的奇风异俗,我的旅行从童年时就开始,我本城范围以内的穷乡僻壤,我很小就去考察,因此我常常失踪,害得家长很着急,镇上的地保把我找回来了,常常因此受到奖赏。我这个小孩子长成大孩子,观察范围也日益扩大。每逢假日下午,我总到附近乡村去漫游。有些地方是历史名胜,有些地方是有神话传说的,我都亲加勘察,把它们摸熟了。什么地方发生过盗案或者凶杀案的,什么地方有过鬼魂出现的,我都知道。邻近各村我常去观光,当地的耋老硕德我总去踵门求教,因此我的智识也大为增加。有一天——那是漫长的夏天——我爬上了很远很远的一个山头,纵目四望,一哩之内的地方我是大多不认识的,我想起我们这个地球是多么的大,心里不免吃惊。

岁月增添,游兴更盛。我最爱读的书是游记旅行之类,废寝忘餐读这种闲书,把学校里的正课练习都给耽误了。风和日暖之日,我到码头四周去游荡,看见船只一艘一艘的开向远方,不禁心响往之——船帆渐远渐小,岸上的我,以目远送,我的灵魂已经随着我的幻想到了地球的不知哪一个角落了。

以后读书更多,思想日开,我这种好玩的性情,自然也渐渐的纳入理性的规范;但是本来只是空泛的憧憬,现在变成确定的心愿了。在自己本国,我也算游历了不少地方;假如我只想欣赏自然风景,那么美国风景之美,品类繁多,我已经目不暇接,无遑他求了。美国有大湖,银波闪翻,浩瀚汪洋;有高山,空灵缥缈,上接苍空;有草木横生鸟兽繁殖的山谷,有在荒山中澎直泻的大瀑布;有一望无际满目绿色的大平原;美国的大河,身阔水深,庄严的静静的流向海洋;美国的森林,古木参天,绵延千里,至今没有樵径可循;美国的天空,阳光普照,夏云过处,光彩奇丽;举凡天地之美,不论是宏伟的,或是优美的,均尽萃于此,美国有景如斯,美国人实在用不着舍近求远,到外国去游山玩水了。

林纾 译:

余生平好采风而问俗,凡有奇事,必稔闻之。自少时恒乐外出,即就我生长之城中,搜寻幽僻之地、犹探险然。二亲颇为我忧,辄倩人四出侦我,受倩者转用以取资于我家。吾年既长,旅行之范围亦渐展拓。当午后放学,辄作效行,于典故有关之陈迹,余必至而考验。于有人遇盗或见鬼之区,余必亲涉其地,相其原隰。并入邻村访问故老,审其风俗。曾于夏假长日中,登高山四望,觉吾生所覆地局,而地球博也,而好游之心,遂与吾年竞长。迨既能读,尤嗜读古人之游记,屏正书弗读。有时至商埠,见贾舶张帆,而余一缕游魂,竞逐此大船至于天涯海角。

后次读书既博,而意念亦端,惟远游之心,尚勃勃然。余之在本国,所经亦不谓少。若云风物之佳,似吾美洲较人为胜。以天然景物,孰侧类似富庶者?湖身广博如海,山色如画,山中产物夥,而巨瀑之声,乃震数里以外。平原旷壤,有同碧海。长江大河,日夜奔流入海,至若林光云物,在咸足饱饫。试问美国人乃反嗜他国烟水耶?

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The Author's Account of Himself (2)

But Europe held forth all the charms of storied and poetical association. There were to be seen the masterpieces of art, the refinements of highly cultivated society, the quaint peculiarities of ancient and local custom. My native country was full of youthful promise; Europe was rich in the accumulated treasures of age. Her very ruins told the history of the times gone by, and every mouldering stone was a chronicle. I longed to wander over the scenes of renowned achievement --to tread, as it were, in the footsteps of antiquity--to loiter about the ruined castle--to meditate on the falling tower--to escape, in short, from the commonplace realities of the present, and lose myself among the shadowy grandeurs of the past.

I had, besides all this, an earnest desire to see the great men of the earth. We have, it is true, our great men in America: not a city but has an ample share of them. I have mingled among them in my time, and been almost withered by the shade into which they cast me; for there is nothing so baleful to a small man as the shade of a great one, particularly the great man of a city. But I was anxious to see the great men of Europe; for I had read in the works of various philosophers, that all animals degenerated in America, and man among the number. A great man of Europe, thought I, must therefore be as superior to a great man of America, as a peak of the Alps to a highland of the Hudson; and in this idea I was confirmed by observing the comparative importance and swelling magnitude of many English travellers among us, who, I was assured, were very little people in their own country. I will visit this land of wonders, thought I, and see the gigantic race from which I am degenerated.

It has been either my good or evil lot to have my roving passion gratified. I have wandered through different countries and witnessed many of the shifting scenes of life. I cannot say that I have studied them with the eye of a philosopher, but rather with the sauntering gaze with which humble lovers of the picturesque stroll from the window of one print-shop to another; caught sometimes by the delineations of beauty, sometimes by the distortions of caricature, and

sometimes by the loveliness of landscape. As it is the fashion for modern tourists to travel pencil in hand, and bring home their portfolios filled with sketches, I am disposed to get up a few for the entertainment of my friends. When, however, I look over the hints and memorandums I have taken down for the purpose, my heart almost fails me, at finding how my idle humor has led me astray from the great object studied by every regular traveller who would make a book. I fear I shall give equal disappointment with an unlucky landscape-painter, who had travelled on the Continent, but following the bent of his vagrant inclination, had sketched in nooks, and corners, and by-places. His sketch-book was accordingly crowded with cottages, and landscapes, and obscure ruins; but he had neglected to paint St. Peter's, or the Coliseum, the cascade of Terni, or the bay of Naples, and had not a single glacier or volcano in his whole collection.

然而在传奇与诗意的联想方面,欧洲却具有着它特殊的魅力。在那里人们可以见到艺术上的名作巨制,上流社会的精致娴雅以及古今风尚的种种特点。欧洲蕴蓄着世代聚集的珍奇宝藏,就连那里的遗址废墟也尽是过去历史的记载,每块残砖烂石都是一部史册。我渴望到那些有过丰功伟业的故地去漫游——仿佛是去追寻往古的足迹——留连于废堡颓垣之侧,低徊于圮塔欹楼之中——总之,暂时忘情于眼前的凡庸现实,而沉缅在过去繁华胜事的幻影里去。

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除此以外,我还殷切期望有幸去瞻仰瞻仰世上的伟人。诚然,美国自有它自己的伟人,这种人物广布各个城中,不知凡几。我平生也颇厕身其间, 而且常被他们弄得黯无颜色;因为一位伟人——尤其是一位城市的伟人—— 的光焰往往有为小人物所难堪者。但是欧洲的伟人我却久思一睹风采;因为 我就曾在不止一位哲学家的著作里读到过这种说法,即大凡动物一入美洲, 即有出现退化之患,当然连人也不例外。因此我想,欧洲的伟人之于美国的伟人,大概也犹如阿尔卑斯山的高峰之于哈得逊河边的高地那样,而这种认识,在饱看了不少英国旅客在我们中间所流露的那种优越神情与倨傲态度之后,乃益信其不妄;而其实这些人,据我听说,在其本国之中也不过是凡庸之辈而已。因此我立志要恭游上国,亲历奇境,以便见见我这已经凋残的后裔所自出的那个巨人种族。

不管好运厄运,我这漂泊的热望总算宿愿得偿了。我漫游了许多不同的国家,阅历了不少变动不居的人生世相。我不敢妄称对于这形形色色的世相, 我曾以哲人的目光作了观照;而仅仅是徘徊于众多画店窗前的探幽寻胜的谦 卑癖嗜者的一种闲眺:时而美物写生,勾勒微妙;时而谐谑漫画,突梯滑稽; 时而山水风景, 意境悠然,因而令人迷恋不置。既然当今的旅行家一出门便须画笔在手,地不虚至,以便将来图稿盈箧,满载而归,因此我也不免要拣出几件,以博友人一粲。然而当我重检自己为此而作的种种札记日志时,我却发现,由于素性疏懒,我对每位立志著述的正规旅行家照例列入其研究范围的种种重大事物,竟然多有脱漏,因而惶惧无已。我担心,我之必然令人失望,将不下于下述之山水画家。其人也确曾旅游过欧陆,然而终不胜其烟 霞癖之驱遣,每有所作,辄得之于穷乡僻壤之中。因而充溢其画册的东西则茅屋也,山水也,无名之故地废墟也,但是圣彼得大堂他却漏掉;迦利辛斗 兽场他却漏掉;特尔尼瀑布或那波里海湾他也都漏掉;甚至连冰川与火山之巨观,他的全部作品中也都没有一笔提到。(高健译)

A Watering Place 温泉胜地

Hayden 著 王佐良 译 华立克夏的埃文河在此处流入塞纹河，两河沿岸若干英里水草丰美，前所未见。草地上牛羊成群，沿途不断。看着这景色、这牛羊，心想这些好肉可作多少用途，不禁感到神奇。但是再向前骑八九英里，这神奇之感就破灭了；原来我们已到达一个毒瘤似的害人地方，名叫却尔特能，所谓温泉胜地是也。这地方充满了东印度的劫掠者，西印度的奴隶主，英国的税吏、吃客、酒鬼、淫棍，各色各样，男女俱全。他们听了一些窃窃暗笑的江湖郎中的鬼话，以为在做了多少丑事之后，一身孽障，可以到此一洗而净！我每次进入这等地方，总想用手指捏住自己鼻子。当然这话没有道理，但我一看见这儿任何一个两腿畜生向我走来，实在觉得他们肮脏不堪，像是一有机会就要将他们的毒疮传染给我似的！来这地方的都是最恶劣、最愚蠢、最下流的人：赌鬼、小偷、娼妓，一心想娶有钱的丑老婆子的年轻男子，The Warwickshire Avon falls into the Severn here, and on the sides of both, for many miles back, there are the finest meadows that ever were seen. In looking over them, and beholding the endless flocks and herds, one wonders what can become of all the meat! By riding on about eight or nine miles farther, however, this wonder is a little diminished; for here we come to one of the devouring WENS: namely, CHELTENHAM, which is what they call a ―watering place”, that is to say, a place to which East India plunderers, West India floggers, English tax-gorgers, together with gluttons, drunkards, and debauchees of all descriptions, female as well as male, resort, at the suggestion of silently laughing quacks, in the hope of getting rid of the bodily consequences of their manifold sins and iniquities. When I enter a place like this, I always feel disposed to squeeze up my nose with my fingers. It is nonsense, to be sure; but I conceit that every two-legged creature, that I see coming near me, is about to cover me with the poisonous proceeds of its impurities. To places like this come all that is knavish and all that is foolish and all that is base; gamesters, pick-pockets, and harlots; young wife hunters in search of rich and ugly and old women, and young husband-hunters in search of rich and wrinkled or half-rotten men, the former resolutely bent, be the means what

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they may, to give the latter heirs to their lands and tenements. 一心想嫁有钱的满脸皱纹、半身入土的老头子的年轻女人，这些少夫幼妻为了便于承继产业，不惜一切手段，坚决要为这些老妇衰翁生男育女！ These things are notorious; and Sir William Scott, in his speech of 这等丑事，尽人皆知。然而威廉·司各1802, in favour of the non-residence of the Clergy, expressly said, 特爵士在1802年演讲，明白主张牧师不必定居教区，而应携眷到温泉游览，that they and their families ought to appear at watering places, and 据说这样反而能得到他们教区子民的that this was amongst the means of making them respected by their 尊敬云云。查此人作此语时，官任代表flocks! Memorandum: he was a member for Oxford when he said 牛津城的国会议员！ this!

孙致礼 译 I’ve finally figured out the difference between neat people and 我终于悟出了整洁人与邋遢人的区别。他sloppy people. The distinction is, as always, moral. Neat people 们的区别总是表现在德行上。整洁人比邋遢人来得更懒惰、更吝啬。 are lazier and meaner than sloppy people. Sloppy people, you see, are not really sloppy. Their sloppiness is merely the unfortunate consequence of their extreme moral rectitude. Sloppy people carry in their mind’s eye a heavenly vi-sion, a precise plan, that is so stupendous, so perfect, it can’t be achieved in this world or the next. Sloppy people live in Never-Never Land. Someday is their metier. Someday they are planning to alphabetize all their books and set up home catalogues. Someday they will go through their wardrobes and mark certain items for tentative mending and certain items for passing on to relatives of similar shape and size. Someday sloppy people will make family scrapbooks into which they will put newspaper clippings, postcards, locks of hair, and dried corsage from their senior prom. Someday they will file everything on the surface of their desks, including the cash receipts from coffee purchases at the snack shop. Someday they will sit down and read all the back issues of The New Yorker. 要知道，邋遢人其实并真的邋遢。他们的邋遢只是过于讲究德行而造成的不良后果。邋遢人心目中有着美妙的想象，有着周密的计划，既宏伟又完满，今生来世都无法实现。 邋遢人生活在理想王国里。他们最善于筹划有朝一日怎么办。有朝一日，他们要把自己的书全都按照字母顺序编排好，建立一个家庭图书目录。有朝一日，他们要把自己的衣服全都翻个遍，有的标明要实施能不能修补一下，有的要送给体型身材差不多的亲戚。有朝一日，邋遢人要制作家庭剪贴簿，把剪报、明信片、头发以及大学四年级班级舞会上用过的枯萎的装饰花放在里面。有朝一日，他们要把办公桌上的所有东西，包括在快餐店买咖啡的现金收据，全部归档整理好。有朝一日，他们要坐下来阅读所有过期的《纽约人》。 由于这些以及其他雄心勃勃的理由，邋遢人从来整洁不起来。他们把目标定得太高太远，什么东西都要保留下来，计划有朝一日再整理、再归档，把一切搞得井井有条。然而，就在这些宏伟的计划在心里渐渐成形的时候，书从书架上散落到地上，衣篮和衣柜里堆满了衣服，个个抽屉里都放满了纪念品，桌面上摆满了一摞摞的材料，没读过的杂志都快顶到天花板了。 Suzanne Britt 著 Neat People vs. Sloppy People

For all these noble reasons and more, sloppy people never get neat. They aim too high and wide. They save everything, planning someday to file, order, and straighten out the world. But while these ambitious plans take clearer and clearer shape in their heads-, the books spill from the shelves onto the floor, the clothes pile up in the hamper and closet, the family mementos accumulate in every drawer, the surface of the desk is buried under mounds of paper and the unread magazines threaten to reach the ceiling. Sloppy people can’t bear to part with anything. They give 邋遢人什么东西都不舍得丢掉，什么小东

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