Pocket英语语法(崔荣容)-视频笔记(7)

Does he have to go there? Yes,he does./No,he doesn’t.

May I smoke here? Yes, please.

No, you can’t（不能）/mustn’t.（不准） 练习：

1. May I stay here? Yes,please.

2. Must she go back now? No,she needn’t. 3. Does he have to get up at 9:00? Yes,he does.

第三十讲 情态动词（7）

情态动词+have+p.p.（+现在完成时）

1.“情态动词+have+p.p.”：表达过去的事实；或推测的含义，表“可能已经……”。（但助动词should例外）

He may/might have arrived. 他可能已经到了 （可能性最小） He can/could have arrived. 他可能已经到了 （可能性小） He must have arrived. 他准是已经到了 （可能性大）

可能性大小排序：must、can、could、may、might

2. “should+have+p.p.”本应该…… “needn’t+have+p.p.” 本不需要…… He should have arrived. 他本应该到了（但没到） They should have finished the work. 他本应该已经完成工作（但没完成）

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You needn’t have done so. 你本不需要那么做

3. must + have+p.p. 准是已经…… Can’t +have+p.p. 不可能已经……

He must have arrived. 他准是已经到了。 He can’t have arrived. 他不可能已经到了。

练习：

1. He can/could/may/might（可能） have arrived. 2. He must（准是） have arrived.

3. You needn’t（本不需要） have done so. 4. They should （本应该）have finished the work. 5. He can’t （不可能）have arrived.

第三十一讲 被动语态（1）被动态的构成和含义

1.如果主语是动作的承受者，则用动词的被动语态作谓语。 2.被动语态的构成：be+过去分词（p.p.）…by sb.

他被妈妈带到了美国。

He is taken to America by his mother. 3.被动语态有各种时态：

The information is needed by us. 一般时 be done

The book was being read by him. 进行时 be being done

The computer has been used by her.

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完成时 have/has/had been done The room will be cleaned. 将来时 will be done

The computer could have been used by them. 可能已经被用了

情态动词+完成时 情态动词+ have/has been done

练习：（一个空一个时态）

The information is needed.(need) The book was read.(read)

The door has been opened.(open) The book was being read.(read) The computer had been used.(use) The computer could have been used.(use) The room will be cleaned.(clean)

第三十二讲 被动语态（2）被动态和情态动词结合 1.被动语态也可以和情态动词结合：

情态动词+be done 应该被……、必须被……等 can/could +be done may/might +be done must/have to +be done should/ought to +be done

had better/would rather +be done used to/would +be done need doing 需要被……

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need to be done 需要被……

2.和情态动词结合的形式：

The food could be taken away. 食品可以被带走 The food might be taken away. 食品可能被带走 The food must be taken away. 食品必须被带走 The food should be taken away. 食品应该被带走 The food needs taking away. 食品需要被带走 The food had better be taken away. 食品最好被带走 Books used to be returned in two days. 书过去常常在2天之内被归还。 练习：

The room may/might/can/could（可能）be cleaned. The door must （必须）be locked. The house should （应该）be furnished. The tree had better （最好）be watered now.

第三十三讲 被动语态（3）（by+行为者）可省略 动作的行为者不明或不重要，或上下文中提到了行为者时，“by sb”可以省略。

The information is needed. The books is being read. The door was opened. 练习：

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The door is opened.(open)被打开了 The book is being read.(read)正读着

The computer has been used.(use)已经被用了

The pencil had been sharpened.(sharpen)已经被削尖了

第三十四讲 被动语态（4）被动语态疑问句

1.被动语态的一般疑问句：助动词+主语+（其他助动词）+过去分词

Is the information needed by him? Yes,it is./No,it isn't.

Has the computer been used by her? Yes,it has./No,it hasn't.

Will the room be cleaned? Yes,it will./No,it won't.

2.被动语态的特殊疑问句：疑问词+助动词+主语+（其他助动词）+过去分词

The information is needed by them. What is needed by them?

The girl is taken to Shanghai. Where is the girl taken?

The book has been read three times.

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