西南大学网院 语言学导论 0181】课程考试试题卷

谋学网www.mouxue.com 西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷 time. A. creativity B. duality C. displacement D. interchangeability 10. The father of modern linguistics is ________. A. F. de Saussure B. J. L. Austin C. J. R. Searle D. H. P. Grice 类别： 网教 专业： 英语 2016 年 12月 Ⅱ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. (20%) 11. Pragmatics is the study of the use of language or meaning in context. 12. Synchronic linguistics the study which focuses on the state of language at a particular point in history. 课程名称【编号】： 语言学导论 【0181】 A卷 13. Bilingualism refers to the features of human language that distinguish it from the communication systems of other kinds of animals. 大作业 满分：100 分 14. Initialism is the way by which a word is composed of the first letters of a series of words and is pronounced as a single words, e.g., NATO. 15. Assimilation is a phonological process whereby a sound becomes phonetically similar (or identical) to a Ⅰ. For each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to neighboring sound. the question, or would best complete the sentence. Write the corresponding letter on 16. Design features refer to the situation where two languages are used either by an individual or by a group of your ANSWER SHEET. (20%) speakers, such as the inhabitants of a particular region or nation. 1. _____ is the study of meaning in language. 17. Psycholinguistics is the study of language in relation to social factors. A. Syntax B. Applied linguistics C. Psycholinguistics D. Semantics 18. A speech act is an action performed through language, such as promising, requesting and declaring. 2. Which of the following sounds is a unvoiced dental fricative? _______ 19. An endocentric construction has a head or a center. A. [s] B. [ts] C. [z] D. [t] 20. Words are the smallest units of language that carry meaning or serve a grammatical function. 3. The phonetic transcription with diacritics is called _____. Ⅲ. Reading comprehension. Read the following passage and answer each of the questions A. broad transcription B. International Phonetic Alphabet based on it. Choose the correct answer write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER C. narrow transcription D. American English Pronunciation SHEET. (20%) 4. \Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said --- the words. Words do provide us with some A. free morpheme B. root C. compound D. derivative information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness 5. The Black English sentence “I don't gotta do nothing” is considered incorrect because_____. A. it contains a double negative and is thus inherently incorrect as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small B. it is not consistent with the upper class use of standard English part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of C. it is impossible to understand those associations if we listen for more than words. We don’t always say what we mean or mean what we D. both a and b above say. Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except “I’m letting off some steam. I don’t really want 6. The syllabic structure of the word \A. CVCCVCV B. CVCVCV C. CVCVC D. CVCCVVC you to pay close attention to what I’m saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.” Mostly we mean 7. Among the following languages, ______ is a tone language. several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to A. Spanish B. French C. Chinese D. English be fixed before I buy.” The owner says, “It’s been like that for years.” Actually, the step hasn’t been like 8. According to their ______, words can classified into closed-class and open-class words. that for years, but the unspoken message is: “I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can’t you?” A. variability B. membership C. similarities D. functions 9. By ______, we mean that human beings can use language to talk about things remote either in space or in - 1 -

The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed by examining a message in terms of 谋学网www.mouxue.com D. expressed to a series of charges 25. The word “ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something done _____. When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly A. in a way of ceremony B. light-heartedly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other C. without true intention D. with less emphasis couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the Ⅳ. Answer the following questions, each in 120 to 200 words. Write your answer on the who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said. frequency of the behavior. A friend’s unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it ANSWER SHEET. (40%) was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be 26. Why can we say language is unique to mankind? (20%) directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says “No!” to a series of charges like “You’re dumb,” “You’re lazy,” and “You’re dishonest,” may also say “No!” and 27. What have you learned from the course of linguistics? (20%) try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “And you’re good looking”. (Clue: You can say whatever, linguistic or non-linguistic, you have learned from the course. But make sure We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, “It sure has been nice to your answer is clear and logical. You may answer the question in Chinese, but this may result in a loss of have you over,” can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once marks.) or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes. 21. Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if they ______. A. use proper words to carry their ideas B. both speak truly of their own feelings C. try to understand each other’s ideas beyond words D. are capable of associating meanings with their words 22. “I’m letting off some steam” in Paragraph 1 means ______. A. I’m just calling your attention B. I’m just kidding C. I’m just saying the opposite D. I’m just giving off some sound 23. The house-owner’s example shows that he actually means _____. A. the step has been like that for years B. he doesn’t think it is necessary to fix the step C. the condition of the step is only a minor fault D. the cost involved in the fixing should be shared 24. Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if ______. A. linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness B. seen as one’s habitual pattern of behavior C. taken as part of an ordering sequence - 2 -

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