一拖实习报告(川大机制)

目 录

一 生产实习目的和要求··········································２ （一）生产实习的目的·········································２ （二）生产实习的要求·········································２ 二 一拖简介···················································３ 三 生产实习日程安排···········································４ 四 各生产实习内容·············································５ （一）安全教育················································５ （二）曲轴制造工艺简介········································６ （三）齿轮加工厂参观·······································１１ （四）第一动力机械有限公司·································１４ （五）第一装配厂···········································１４ （六）关于模具的讲座·······································１５ （七）汇德工装厂···········································１６ （八）工程机械有限公司·····································１７ （九）发动机箱体生产线·····································１８ （十）第三装配厂···········································１９ （十一）中铝洛阳铜业有限公司·······························１９ （十二）中信重工···········································２０ （十三）燃油喷射有限公司···································２１ （十四）福莱格车身有限公司·································２１ 五 专题·····················································２３ （一）典型零件的工序分析·····································２３ （二）两个典型机械结构草图及原理分析·························２５ （三）典型夹具草图···········································２６ 六 生产实习心得体会·········································２７

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（一） 曲轴制造工艺简介

■曲轴的作用

1.主要功用：将活塞的往复运动转变为旋转运动，获得转矩。 2.工作条件：各种交变应力复杂作用，活塞的压缩比为18~22倍。 3.曲轴的材料：要求强度、刚度、韧性和耐磨性都比较高的材料，一般用精选的45#钢（C含量为0.42%~0.47%）。为达到使用要求，曲轴的毛坯采用模锻，然后正火处理获得合适硬度（225HB），在精加工之前用中高频淬火。

■曲轴构造（结构示意图见下页） 1．曲轴分类：

全支承：曲轴中每两个连杆颈之间都有一个主轴颈；具有刚度好、成本高、体积大等特点；例如采油机中的曲轴。

非全支承：曲轴中只有一个主轴颈；具有成本低、体积小、刚性低、强度低等特点；例如小型汽油发动机的曲轴。

2．曲拐的排列方式：四缸发动机，曲拐转180°有一个缸做功，转720°每个缸做功一次。

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■曲轴工艺

5．铣两端面，打中心孔

10．切4、5侧板，精车C主轴颈 15．校直（↗0.2），为磨削作准备 20．粗磨C主轴颈

25．粗车A、B、D、E主轴颈和前后端（多把刀同时车），两端顶住，中间轮盘在轴颈C处驱动

35．粗磨A、E主轴颈 40．粗磨B、D主轴颈

45．铣第8侧板定位面，扩轴承孔 50．切1、2、8侧板，粗车a、d连杆颈 55．切3、4、5、6侧板，粗车b、c连杆颈 60．校直（↗0.2） 65．粗磨4个连杆颈

70．精车法兰、油封及凹座侧面 80．开四个Φ8.4斜油孔

85．在法兰上铣缺口（工艺缺口） 90．在侧板钻4个Φ31.4油孔 95．在油孔上扩孔倒角，钻销孔 105．在连杆侧板攻丝4-m33X1.5 120．铣回油螺纹 140．校直（↗0.2）

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145．去毛刺 150．清洗、吹净 150J．中间检验

155．感应淬火（深度≤3mm） 160．校直（↗0.2） 165．精车轴前端

170．半精磨A、E主轴颈（中心孔作定位基准） 175．精磨C主轴颈 180．半精磨B、D主轴颈 185．精磨A、E主轴颈 190．精磨B、D主轴颈

195．校直（↗0.2），A、E定位，检查B、D同轴度 200．精磨法兰外圆和油封颈 205．精磨齿轮轴颈与前端 210．精磨法兰端面

215．在后端镗（保证位置精度）、铰（保证形状精度）轴承孔 220．精磨四个连杆颈

225．在法兰上钻铰定位孔，钻扩五个螺纹孔并在前端钻孔攻丝（用于装摇爪）

230．铣键槽 240．磁粉探伤 245．装管子

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