广东省深圳高级中学2012届高三第一次测试题英语

高级中学2011—2012学年第一学期第一次测试

高三英语

Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节。满分35分)

第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 1 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 2 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 3 that the customer remains a customer.

4 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing 5 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.

Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 6

implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 7 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 8 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.

In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 9 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 10 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).

The logic behind cultivating customer 11 is impossible to deny. ―In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 12 them‖, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. ―Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 13 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 14 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 15 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.

1.A. in particular 2.A. emphasize 3.A. denying 4.A. Moving 5.A. markets

B. in reality

C. at least C. overlook

D. first of all D. proving D. Failing D. expenses

B. doubt B. ensuring B. Hoping B. tastes

D. believe

C. arguing C. Starting C. prices

6.A. culture B. social C. financial

D. economical

7.A. promise B. plan 8.A. cost B. opportunity 9.A. as a result B. on the whole 10.A. huge B. potential 11.A. beliefs 12.A. altering 13.A. Assumed 14.A. agreeable 15.A. unfair

B. loyalty

C. mistake D. difference C. profit D. budget C. in conclusion D. on the contrary C. extra D. reasonable

D. interest D. attracting D. Unexpected

D. sensitive

C. habits

B. understanding C. keeping B. Respected B. flexible B. difficult

C. Established

C. friendly C. essential

D. convenient

第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个

适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。

There are some special traditions in Hawaii. People are very friendly and always welcome visitors. They give visitors __16___ lei along necklace of beautiful fresh flowers. Men wear bright ___17___ (flower) shirts, and women often wear long flowered dresses. There are ___18____(tradition) Chinese, Japanese and Filipino holidays and all the holidays from the United States. They call Hawaii the Aloha State. Aloha __19____ (mean)both hello and goodbye. It also means ―I love you‖.

Usually when people from different countries, races, and traditions live together, there are serious problems. There are a few problems in Hawaii,__20___ in general, people have learned to live together __21___peace.

Hawaiians earn most of their money from travelers , most of __22____ come from the mainland and from Japan. There are many people__23__ (live)in Hawaii now so there are residential areas ___24____there used to be farms. Some of the big sugar and pineapple companies have moved to the Philippines, where they do not have to pay workers ___25__ much money. The families of the first people who came from the U.S. mainland own the important banks and companies. Japanese are also buying or starting businesses here. Ⅱ. 阅读 (共两节, 满分50分)

第一节 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。

A

Each year, 1,400 high-school students from more than 40 countries are invited to compete in the prestigious Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (Intel ISEF), the world’s largest precollege science contest. The select group of young scientists is chosen from the several million students who compete in local and regional science fairs throughout the year. Participants compete for $3 million in scholarships and prizes, presenting projects in 15 categories like medicine, biochemistry, computer science and zoology. Earning top honors isn’t the only goal for contestants. Nineteen percent (or 274) of the finalists at the 2005 competition held last month have already begun the process to patent their projects.

Ammem Abdulrasool, a senior at the Illinois Junior Academy of Science, won top honors at this year’s Intel ISEF for his project, ―Prototype for Autonomy: Pathway for the Blind.‖ He

walked away with $70,000 in prize money and a free trip to October’s Nobel Prize ceremony. Abdulrasool developed technology that allows visually impaired individuals to navigate themselves from one location to another by using the Global Positioning System. Individuals wear a half-kilo Walkman-size device, a bracelet on each arm and a pair of earphones. After entering a starting and ending location into a personal digital assistant (PDA), they are guided with verbal commands that tell them when and in what direction to turn. Simultaneously, a bracelet vibrates signaling the correct direction. To test his device, Abdulrasool recruited 36 blind adults and asked them to visit five landmarks in his neighborhood. The navigational tool saved people an average of 26 minutes in travel time and reduced the number of errors (wrong turns and missed locations). ―Looking at how hard it was for them to travel and how they were dependent on everyone else motivated me to do something,‖ he said. Abdulrasool hopes are applying for a patent and then plan to market the product commercially.

In the fair’s 56-year history, a number of projects have been implemented for commercial use. Michael Nyberg, a 2001 competitor, hoped to reduce the number of West Nile virus infections through acoustics. With a bucket of mosquito larvae and a sound generator, Nyberg discovered that a 24 kHz frequency resonated with the natural frequency of mosquitoes’ internal organs: larvae that absorbed the acoustic energy would explode. His sound-emitting device, Larvasonic, is now sold online (www.larvasonic.com). Tiffany Clark, a 1999 competitor, found evidence that bacteria produced the methane gas found inside coal seams in Wyoming’s Powder River Basin. This suggested that injecting nutrients into coal seams might provide an unlimited supply of natural gas. A Denver-based technology firm is now continuing Clark’s high-school research. And someday soon, blind people around the world may be wearing bracelets that issue GPS commands.

26. How are young people selected to participate in Intel ISEF? A. They are pre-university students.

B. They must win science competitions in their home countries.

C. They must patent or be about to patent an invention.

D. They are chosen from young people who take part in science competitions. 27. Which of these is NOT mentioned as an advantage of Abdulrasool’s device? A. It enables blind people to get from A to B faster. B. It helps them avoid obstacles.

C. It gives information to blind people in more than one way. D. It is extremely light.

28. How are Abdulrasool’s invention and those of Michael Nyberg and Tiffany Clark similar? A. Their inventions all have organic components.

B. They all won the Intel ISEF competition, though in different years. C. They all have, or could have, profitable applications. D. None of them have patents yet. 29. How does Tiffany Clark’s idea work?

A. She feeds underground bacteria and they produce natural gas. B. Bacteria eat coal and produce natural gas.

C. Bacteria are injected with coal molecules and produce natural gas. D. Bacteria extract natural gas from coal and are then harvested.

30. Which of the following statements about the Intel ISEF competition is true?

A. It began in the 1960’s.

B. The biggest prize this year was $3 million. C. There are 15 prizes in a variety of categories.

D. Many participants have patented ideas and inventions.

B

Ten years ago, Pierre Omidyar, a software engineer working in California’s Silicon Valley, began thinking about how to use the internet for a trading system in which buyers and sellers could establish a genuine market price. Over a long holiday weekend he wrote the computer code. At first, a trickle of users arrived at his website—including his girlfriend, who traded PEZ candy dispensers. By the end of 1995, several thousand auctions had been completed and interest in eBay was growing. And it grew and grew. From this modest beginning, eBay has become a global giant, with around 150m registered users worldwide who are set to buy and sell goods worth more than $40 billion this year.

The remarkable tale of eBay’s growth points to some important lessons for any business trying to operate online—and today that includes, one way or another, most firms. The commercial opportunities presented by an expanding global web seem almost limitless. But the pace of change is rapid, and so is the ferocity of competition. To succeed, firms need agility, an open mind and the ability to reinvent themselves repeatedly. Most of all, they need to listen carefully to their customers, paying close attention to what they do and don’t want.

Such qualities, of course, would be valuable in any kind of business. Yet for online firms they are not a luxury, but necessary for mere survival. This is true for a variety of reasons. The internet is not only growing, but changing rapidly—which, in turn, changes the rules of the game for any business relying on it. The barriers to entry are still low compared with those for most offline businesses, which means that just keeping track of your existing rivals is not enough. These may not represent the greatest competitive threat tomorrow or the next day. That could come from a number of directions—a firm in a different type of online business; one that does not yet exist; or even from one of your own customers. On top of all this, the behavior of many consumers is constantly changing as well, as individuals discover new ways to shop and interact with each other via the web.

All these factors make the internet a dangerous place to do business, as well as one full of promise. eBay’s history demonstrates both of those things. It is probably safe to say that nothing like eBay could have existed without the internet—or could have grown so fast. Even though there have been signs of the firm’s blistering pace slowing a bit in America, its most ―mature‖ market, there remain vast opportunities overseas, particularly, some argue, in China. Meg Whitman, eBay’s chief executive, believes the company is still only at the beginning of what it could achieve.

31. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To introduce the founder of eBay and his girlfriend. B. To demonstrate how clever the founder of eBay is. C. To show how eBay started and has grown.

D. To introduce eBay to people.

32. Which of the following best summarizes Pierre Omidyar’s intention with regard to eBay? A. To set up a global internet business.

B. To allow people to freely buy and sell on the internet at acceptable prices.

C. To set up a mechanism on the internet to allow people to trade at true market prices. D.To se up a business mechanism for his girlfriend.

33. Which of these is it NOT necessary for a company selling on the internet to do? A. Have the most competitive price for each of their online products.

B. Be able to change to suit the prevailing market conditions. C. Be prepared to consider all options and alternatives.

D. Have a good idea of what their customers do not want.

34. What does ―barriers to entry are still low compared with those for most offline businesses‖ in paragraph 3 mean?

A. It is easier to set up an internet business than a conventional one. B. Internet trade is growing faster than traditional business sector. C. It is cheaper to set up an internet business than a traditional one. D. Companies generally prefer to do business online rather than offline.

35. Why does the article conclude that the internet ―is a dangerous place to do business‖? A. Because companies that sell online may be unreliable.

B. Because there are no controls on doing business on the internet. C. Because doing business online is unpredictable.

D. Because even companies like eBay have problems doing business online.

C

The European capital cities, Berlin and London, running the third and the fourth richest economies in the world, both produce about a metric ton of rubbish for each household per year. But when it comes to disposing of their citizens’ waste, the comfortable similarities end.

London, and Britain as a whole, is in the middle of a waste crisis. Today, the environment secretary, Margaret Beckett, is presiding over a waste summit to try to find out why the UK is not going to reach its 25% recycling and composting (转制成堆肥) target by 2005; currently, it is managing 11%.

By comparison, Berlin and Germany know exactly where they are going. Although Berlin has been the capital for less than a decade, and has had east and west to unite, it has already reached 40% recycling. The city has one ambition: to have no rubbish to dump or burn in 20 year’s time. So far, the city has not decided quite how, but it is developing new technologies and moving steadily in the right direction. London, by comparison, has a chaotic system. The 33 boroughs all have different recycling systems.

Ken Livingstone, who since taking office as mayor has published a brand-new waste management strategy for the capital, is responsible for sorting out this hotch potch（杂乱的一堆东西）. One of the most contentious issues both for London and Berlin is incineration（焚烧）, with both cities burning a large proportion of their waste---London 20% and Berlin 32%.

Here again Berlin has made decisions and London is uncertain. Berlin has a state of the art incinerator in the 1970s and upgraded constantly until in the 1990s it is impossible to detect any emissions but warm gases. The city has abandoned plans to build another and instead wants to make the existing one redundant by reducing the waste so there is none to burn.

London boroughs have plans to increase the size of the incinerator at Edmonton and there are plans to build more elsewhere. But Livingstone is resisting and the government is already

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