环境工程本科毕业论文

AO法印染废水处理工程设计

中文摘要

印染废水成分复杂、色度高、CODcr 高且难降解，对环境造成较大污染。根据以活性染料为主要染料的针织棉布染色废水的特点，印染废水处理一般采用生化-混凝沉淀法、混凝气浮法，化学氧化及活性炭吸附法等，但是这些方法存在运行费用较高、不易管理等缺点。A/O 法可提高废水的可生化性，该工艺可行的关键在于高效脱色的水解酸化池的应用，为后续生化处理和处理后达标排放奠定了基础，在该工艺设计中还采用了调节池、水解酸化池、浓缩池和污泥反应池等，并且对各个构筑物都进行了精确的计算。此工艺脱色率可达75%-90%，而对CODcr 的去除也可达到60%左右，且运行成本低，易管理，取得了良好的处理效果和经济效益。

关键词：印染废水；酸化水解；混凝；脱色

Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of dyeing wastewater

engineering

Abstract

The composition of dyestuff wastewater is complicated . Its chromaticity is high, CODcr is high and hard to be degraded by biochemical treatment .That is why it causes serious pollution to the environment. A new treatment process for the rease of dyeing and printing wastewater which consists of mainly of active dyestuff is brought forward. Biochemistry coagulation sedimentation, coagulation gas floation chemical l oxidation and activated carbon adsorption are generally used .But the operation cost of these methods is expensive and hard to be managed. A/O many improve the result of the biochemical treatment of the dyestuff wastewater .It sets up the foundation for the sequent biochemical treatment,for coming up to standard and for lowering the operation cost. Technolgical design include adjusted

pool ,acidification-hydrolyze pool and concentration pool and every construction carry out exact calculation.The decoloration rate of the dyestuff wastewater is fome 75%～90%,and the removal rate of COD crmay reach 60%. Its management is easy,and has obtained favorable treatment effect and remarkable economic benefit.

Key words: Dyeing and printing wastewater ；Acid hydrolysis；

Flocculation；Decolouration

目 录

第1 章 综述 .................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 棉纺染色废水的来源及水质特性 .................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 退浆废水 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 煮炼废水 ................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.3 漂白废水 ................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.4 丝光废水 ................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.5 染色废水 ................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.6 印花废水 ................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.7 整理废水 ................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.8 碱减量废水 ............................................................................................................. 2 1.2 印染废水处理的基本方法 ................................................................................................ 3

1.2.1 印染废水处理的物理法－吸附法 ......................................................................... 3 1.2.2 印染废水的化学处理法 ......................................................................................... 4 1.2.3 印染废水的生物处理法 ......................................................................................... 4 1.3 设计任务 ............................................................................................................................ 6 第2 章 工艺流程选择 .................................................................................................................... 7

2.1 影响流程选择的因素 ........................................................................................................ 7

2.1.1 废水处理程度 ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 建设及运行费用 ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 工程施工难易程度 ................................................................................................. 7 2.1.4 当地的自然条件和社会条件 ................................................................................. 7 2.1.5 废水水量 ................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 印染废水处理设计 ............................................................................................................ 8

2.2.1 生物接触氧化——混凝沉淀工艺 ......................................................................... 8 2.2.2 表曝——混凝沉淀处理工艺 ................................................................................. 9 2.2.3 水解酸化+A/O+混凝沉淀工艺 ........................................................................... 10 2.3 选择工艺流程 .................................................................................................................. 10

2.3.1 水解酸化法作用机理 ........................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 A/O 法的特点 ....................................................................................................... 11

第3 章 设计依据 .......................................................................................................................... 12

3.1 粗格栅和提升泵房 .......................................................................................................... 12

3.1.1 设计参数 ............................................................................................................... 12 3.1.2 运行参数 ............................................................................................................... 12 3.1.3 提升泵房说明 ....................................................................................................... 13 3.2 调节池 .............................................................................................................................. 13 3.3 水解酸化池 ...................................................................................................................... 13 3.4 二沉池 .............................................................................................................................. 13

3.4.1 设计要求 ............................................................................................................... 13 3.4.2 设计参数 ............................................................................................................... 14 3.5 污泥处理构筑物的设计计算 .......................................................................................... 14

3.5.1 污泥泵房 ............................................................................................................... 14 3.6 A/O 池设计要点 .............................................................................................................. 14

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3.6.1 污水中可生物降解的有机物对脱氮除磷的影响 ............................................... 14 3.6.2 污泥龄 ................................................................................................................... 15 3.6.3 溶解氧 ................................................................................................................... 15 3.7 污泥浓缩池 ...................................................................................................................... 15

3.7.1 设计规定及参数 ................................................................................................... 15 3.7.2 运行参数 ............................................................................................................... 15 3.8 污水厂平面，高程布置 .................................................................................................. 16

3.8.1 平面布置 ............................................................................................................... 16 3.8.2 高程布置 ............................................................................................................... 16

第4章 设计计算 ........................................................................................................................... 18

4.1 粗格栅 .............................................................................................................................. 18

4.1.1 格栅间隙数 ........................................................................................................... 18 4.1.2 栅槽宽度 ............................................................................................................... 18 4.1.3 进水渠渐宽部分的长度 ....................................................................................... 18 4.1.4 栅槽与出水渠道连接处的渐宽部分长度 ........................................................... 19 4.1.5 通过格栅的水头损失 ........................................................................................... 19 4.1.6 栅后槽总高度 ....................................................................................................... 19 4.1.7 栅槽总宽度 ........................................................................................................... 20 4.1.8 每日栅渣量 ........................................................................................................... 20 4.2 集水井的计算 .................................................................................................................. 20 4.3 细格栅间 .......................................................................................................................... 20

4.3.1 格栅间隙数 ........................................................................................................... 21 4.3.2 栅槽宽度 ............................................................................................................... 21 4.3.3 进水渠的渐宽部分的长度 ................................................................................... 21 4.3.4栅槽与出水渠道连接处渐宽部分长度 ................................................................ 22 4.3.5 通过格栅的水头损失 ........................................................................................... 22 4.3.6 栅后槽总高度 ....................................................................................................... 22 4.3.7 栅槽总宽度 ........................................................................................................... 23 4.3.8 每日栅渣量 ........................................................................................................... 23 4.4 调节池的计算 .................................................................................................................. 23

4.4.1 调节池的工作原理 ............................................................................................... 23 4.4.2 调节池的计算 ....................................................................................................... 24 4.5 水解酸化池的计算 .......................................................................................................... 24

4.5.1 设计流量 ............................................................................................................... 25 4.5.2 水力停留时间 ....................................................................................................... 25 4.5.3 水解酸化池的容积 ............................................................................................... 25 4.5.4 水解酸化池进水配水系统 ................................................................................... 25 4.6 A/O 工艺设计计算步骤 .................................................................................................. 25

4.6.1 A/O 工艺设计指标 ............................................................................................... 25 4.6.2 好氧区计算 ........................................................................................................... 26 4.6.3 厌氧池计算 ........................................................................................................... 28 4.6.4 曝气系统的设计计算 ........................................................................................... 29 4.7 二沉池 .............................................................................................................................. 32

4.7.1 中心管面积与直径 ............................................................................................... 32

II

4.7.2 沉淀池的有效沉淀高度 ....................................................................................... 33 4.7.3 中心管口到反射板之间的高度 ........................................................................... 33 4.7.4 沉淀池总面积及沉淀池直径 ............................................................................... 33 4.7.5 剩余污泥量及污泥斗高度设计 ......................................................................... 33 4.7.6 沉淀池总高 ......................................................................................................... 34 4.7.7 刮泥机及排泥管设计 ........................................................................................... 34 4.7.8 沉淀池的集水系统的设计 ................................................................................... 35 4.8 污泥浓缩池 ...................................................................................................................... 35

4.8.1 浓缩池直径 ........................................................................................................... 36 4.8.2 浓缩池高度 ......................................................................................................... 36 4.9 污泥井和污泥提升泵及脱水机 .................................................................................... 36

4.9.1 设计参数 ............................................................................................................... 36 4.9.2 设计计算 ............................................................................................................... 37 4.9.3 污泥提升泵 ........................................................................................................... 37 4.10 混合反应池 .................................................................................................................... 37 4.10 混凝沉淀池及放流井 .................................................................................................. 38

4.10.1 中心管面积与直径 ............................................................................................. 38 4.10.2 沉淀池的有效沉淀高度 ..................................................................................... 38 4.10.3 中心管口到反射板之间的高度 ......................................................................... 38 4.10.4 沉淀池总面积及沉淀池直径 ............................................................................. 39 4.10.5 缓冲层高度 ....................................................................................................... 39 4.10.6 污泥斗高度 ....................................................................................................... 39 4.10.7 刮泥机及排泥管设计 ......................................................................................... 39 4.10.8 沉淀池的集水系统的设计 ................................................................................. 40 4.11 脱色池 ............................................................................................................................ 41 4.12 集水井和提升泵房 ........................................................................................................ 41

4.12.1 集水井 ................................................................................................................. 41 4.12.2 水泵总扬程的计算 ............................................................................................. 41

第5章 构筑物与高程一览表 ................................................................................................... 43 结 论 .............................................................................................................................................. 45 附 录 ............................................................................................................................................ 47 致 谢........................................................................................................................................... 48

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