2014年山东高考英语考试说明

mass n. master v. & n. mat n. match v. & n. material n.

mathematics = math /maths n. matter n. & v. mature a.

maximum a. & n. may modal v. maybe ad. meal n.

mean (meant, meant) v. meaning n. means n. meanwhile ad. measure v. meat n. medal n. media n. medical a. medicine n. medium n.

meet (met, met) v. & n. meeting n. melon n. member n. memorial n. memory n. mend v.

mental a. mention n. & v. menu n.

merchant a. & n. merciful a. mercy n. merely ad. merry a. mess n. message n. messy a. metal n. & a. method n. metre ( meter) n. microscope n. microwave n. middle n. midnight n. might modal v. mild a. mile n. * military a. milk n. & v. millionaire n. mind n. & v. mine1 pron. mine2 n. & v. mineral n. minibus n. minimum a.

46

minister n. ministry n. minority n. minus prep. & a. minute n. * mood n. moon n. mop n. & v. moral a. & n.

more（much, many） a., ad. & n. mirror n. miss1 v. miss2 n. missile n. mist n.

mistake (mistook, mistaken) v. mistaken a.

misunderstand (misunderstood,

misunderstood) v. mix v. mixture n. mm = millimetre n. mobile a. model n. modem n. modern a. modest a. mom = mum n. moment n.

mommy = mummy n. money n. monitor n. monkey n. month n. monument n.

morning n. Moslem n. mosquito n. mother n. motherland n. & n. motivation n. motor n. motorcycle n. motto n. mountain n. mountainous a. mourn v. mouse (pl mice) n. moustache n. mouth n. move v. movement n. movie n. Mr. (mister) n. Mrs. (mistress) n. Ms. n. mud n. muddy a. multiply v. murder v.

47

museum n. mushroom n. music n. musical a. & n. musician n. must modal v. mutton n.

N

nail n.

name n. & v. narrow a. nation n. national a. nationality n. nationwide ad. native a. natural a. nature n. navy n.

near a., ad. & prep. nearby a. nearly ad. neat a. necessary a. neck n. necklace n. need n. & modal v. needle n.

negotiate v.

neighbour ( neighbor) n. neighbourhood ( neighborhood) n. neither a. nephew n. nervous a. nest n. net n. network n. * neutral a. never ad. new a. news n. newspaper n. next a. & ad. nice a. niece n. night n. no ad. & a. No. = number n. noble a.

nobody n. & pron. nod v. noise n. noisy a. none pron. noodle n. noon n. nor conj. normal n. & a.

48

north a., ad. & n. northeast n. northern a. northwest n. nose n. not ad. note n. & v. notebook n.

nothing n., ad & pron. notice n. & v. novel n. novelist n. now ad. nowadays ad. nowhere ad. nuclear a. numb a. number n. nurse n. nursery n. nut n. nutrition n.

O

obey v. object n. observe v. obtain v. obvious a.

occupation n. occupy v. occur v. ocean n. Oceania? n. o?clock n. of prep.

off prep. & ad. offence n. offer n. & v. office n. officer n. official n. & a. offshore a. often ad. oh int. oil n. & v. oilfield n. O.K. ad. old a.

Olympic(s) a. & n. on prep. & ad. once n., ad. & conj. onion n.

* online a. & ad. only a. & ad. onto prep. open a. & v. opening n. opera n.

49

operate v. operation n. operator n. opinion n. * opportunity n. oppose v.

opposite n. & a. optimistic a. optional a. or conj. oral a.

orange n. & a. orbit n. order n. & v. ordinary a. organ n.

organise ( organize) v. organization n. origin n.

other pron. & a. otherwise ad. ought modal v. out ad. outcome n. outdoors ad. outer a. outgoing a. outing n. outline n. output n.

outside n., ad. & prep. outspoken a. outstanding a. outward(s) ad. over prep. & ad. overcoat n. overcome v. overhead a. overlook v. overweight a. owe v. own a. & v. owner n. ownership n. ox (pl oxen) n. oxygen n.

P

pace n. Pacific a. pack n. & v. package n. packet n. paddle n. page n. pain n. painful a. paint n. & v. painter n.

50

英 语

Ⅰ.命题指导思想

一、命题依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》，依据《2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（课程标准实验版）》和《2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试山东卷考试说明》，不拘泥于某一版本的教科书。

二、命题重视”新材料、新情境”的创设与运用，考查考生的综合语言运用能力。 三、命题保持相对稳定，体现新课程理念。

四、命题力求科学、准确、公平、规范，试卷应有较高的信度、效度、必要的区分度和适当的难度。

Ⅱ.考试内容及要求

依据《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》规定的八级目标要求，确定本学科考试内容。考生应在英语语言知识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等方面达到相应水平。对语言知识、语言运用的具体要求如下：

一、语言知识

要求考生掌握并能运用《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》八级要求规定的英语语音、词汇、语法、功能意念和话题（见附录）。结合山东省中学英语教学实际，确定约3300个单词（见附录）作为高考命题的词汇范围。另外，为命题的需要，增加了个别单词，以*号标明，仅要求考生知道其汉语意思。

二、语言运用

1．阅读

要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：

(1) 理解主旨和要义 (2) 理解文中具体信息 (3) 根据上下文推断生词的词义 (4) 作出判断和推理 (5) 理解文章的基本结构 (6) 理解作者的意图、观点和态度

2．写作

要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能：

1

(1) 清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思 (2) 有效运用所学语言知识

3．口语（对2014年英语及相关专业考生的要求）

要求考生根据题示进行口头表达。考生应能： (1) 询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法 (2) 做到语音、语调自然 (3) 做到语言运用得体 (4) 使用有效的交际策略

Ⅲ.考试形式与试卷结构

考试形式：采用闭卷、笔试形式（英语及相关专业考生增加口试，办法另定）。考试限定用时为120分钟。

试卷结构：试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷，满分150分。第Ⅰ卷为选择题，共105分；第Ⅱ卷为书面表达题，共45分。

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分 英语知识运用

本部分共两节，考查考生对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况。 第一节：10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分。每小题在一句或两句话中留出空白，要求考生从每小题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。

第二节：共40分。在两篇短文中留出空白，要求考生从每小题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。第一篇短文10小题，每小题1分；第二篇短文20小题，每小题1.5分。

第二部分 阅读理解

考查考生阅读理解书面英语的能力。

本部分25小题，每小题2分，共50分。要求考生根据所提供短文的内容，从每小题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。

第Ⅱ卷

第三部分 书面表达

本部分共两节，考查考生用英语进行书面表达的能力。

2

第一节：5个小题，共15分。要求考生阅读所给的一篇短文，并根据短文作答。题目主要有以下几种类型：

1．根据题目要求就短文内容简要回答问题 2．概括短文或某一段落的主旨大意 3．确定具有指代功能的词汇的所指内容 4．指出作者的写作意图或态度 5．补全短文中空缺的内容 6．同义语句替换 7．根据语境翻译句子

必要时可根据文章的题材和体裁设置其他类型题目。

第二节：满分30分。要求考生根据题目的提示和要求，用英语写一篇120~150个单词的短文。

Ⅳ.题型示例

第一部分 英语知识运用

第一节 单项填空

1. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______. A. providing

B. provided D. provide

C. having provided

2. I didn?t think I?d like the movie, but actually it ______ pretty good. A. has been B. was

C. had been

D. would be

3. — Are you going to take part in the speech contest? — _______ It?s too good an opportunity to miss. A. No problem! C. why me?

B. That?s for sure. D. Why bother?

4. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _______. A. whoever

B. wherever D. however

C. whatever

5. It doesn?t matter _______ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how C. what

B. whether D. why

3

6. Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unless

B. until

C. although

D. since

7. If we adequate preparations, the conference wouldn?t have been so successful. A. haven?t made

B. wouldn?t make D. hadn?t made

C. didn?t make

8. There is no simple answer, is often the case in science. A. as

B. that

C. when

D. where

第二节 完形填空 例一

In 1999, Ryan Hreljac and Jimmy Akana became pen pals. Their lives could not have been more 1 . Ryan lived with his family in Kemptville, Canada, while Jimmy, an orphan, lived in Agweo, Uganda. Jimmy?s life was in constant 2 because rebel troops would raid his village. Fate, and Ryan?s 3 to help others, brought the pals together.

When Ryan was 6, he 4 that millions of people in Africa did not have access to clean water. He decided to 5 that. To raise money, Ryan did chores for four months. He earned $70, but that was not 6 to build even one well. “I realized that I couldn?t raise $ 2,000 by doing chores,” he told TFK. “So I started doing public speaking.” To date, the Ryan?s Well Foundation has built 238 wells in 11 countries. “We?ve 7 almost 400,000 people and raised $ 1.5 million,” Ryan says.

The foundation?s first well was built in Agweo, where Jimmy lived. The boys met in 2000, when Ryan traveled to Uganda. “We had a 8 from the beginning,” says Jimmy of that meeting. The Hreljac family 9 Jimmy and brought him to live in their home. Ryan, 15, and Jimmy, 17, speak to communities and schools all over the world about the 10 of having clean drinking water.

1. A. different 2. A. danger

B. difficult B. absence B. duty

C. brilliant C. evidence

D. important D. decline D. burden D. commanded D. create D. equal

4

3. A. determination 4. A. learned 5. A. change

C. guidance C. hoped C. compete C. usual

B. estimated B. move

6. A. enough

B. supposed

7. A. helped

B. touched B. story

C. removed C. focus C. pleased C. habit

D. examined D. fortune D. purchased D. history

8. A. connection 9. A. adopted

B. informed B. future

10. A. importance 例二

I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling 1 , but I always knew he was special.

Dad?s always been very 2 . At 15, I started a magazine. It was 3 a great deal of my time, and the headmaster of my school gave me a 4 : stay in school or leave to work on my magazine. I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway me from my decision, as any good father would. When he realized I had made up my mind, he said, “Richard, when I was 23, my dad 5 me to go into law. And I?ve always regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist, 6 I didn?t pursue my 7 . You know what you want. Go fulfill it.” As 8 turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national 9 for young people in the U.K.

My wife and I have two children, and I?d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad 10 me.

1. A. teacher

B. manager B. experienced B. making up B. decision B. allowed B. but B. task B. he

C. lawyer C. serious C. picking up C. notice

D. gardener D. demanding D. keeping up D. choice D. suggested D. therefore D. dream D. that D. project D. raised

2. A. understanding 3. A. taking up 4. A. suggestion 5. A. helped 6. A. rather

C. persuaded C. for C. belief C. it

7. A. promise 8. A. this

9. A. newspaper 10. A. controlled 例三

B. magazine B. comforted

C. program C. reminded

I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people 1 I think about myself. I am happy that I am

5

hot a. hotdog n. hotel n. hour n. house n. housewife n. housework n. how ad.

however ad. & conj. howl v. hug v. huge a. human a. & n. human being n. humorous a. humour ( humor) n. hunger n. hungry a. hunt v. hunter n. hurricane n. hurry v.

hurt (hurt, hurt) v. husband n. hydrogen n.

I

ice n. ice-cream n.

idea n. identity n. identification n. idiom n. if conj. ignore v. ill a. illegal a. illness n. * image n. imagine v. immediately ad. immigration n. * impact n. & v. import v. & n. importance n. important a. impossible a. impress v. impression n. improve v. in prep. & ad. inch n. incident n. include v. income n. increase v. & n. indeed a. independence n. independent a.

41

indicate v. industry n. * infer v.

influence n. & v. intention n. interest n. interesting a. international a. inform v. information n. initial a. injure v. injury n. ink n. inn n. innocent a. insect n. insert v.

inside prep. & insist v. inspect v. inspire v. * install v. instant a. instead ad. institute n. institution n. instruct v. instruction n. instrument n. insurance n. insure v. intelligence n. intend v.

ad. internet n. interpreter n. interrupt v. interval n.

interview n. & v. into prep. introduce v. introduction n. invent v. invention n. * invest v. * investigation n. * investment n. invitation n. invite v. * involve v. iron n. & v. island n. * issue n. & v. * item n.

J

jacket n. jam n. jar n. jaw n.

42

jazz n. jeans n. jeep n. jet n. jewellery n. job n. jog v. join v. joke n. journalist n. journey n. joy n.

judge n. & v. judgement n. juice n. jump n. & v. jungle n. junior a. just a. & ad. justice n.

K

kangaroo n. keep (kept, kept) v. kettle n. key n. keyboard n. kick v. & n. kid n.

kill v. kilo n. kilogram n. kilometre n. kind1 n. kind2 a. kindergarten n. kindness n. king n. kingdom n. kiss n. & v. kitchen n. kite n. knee n.

knife (pl knives) n. knock n. & v. know (knew, known) knowledge n.

L

lab = laboratory n. labour ( labor) n. lack n. & v. lady n. lake n. lamb n. lame a. lamp n. land n. & v.

v. 43

language n. lantern n. lap n. large a. last? a. & v. late a. & ad. latter n. laugh n. & v. laughter n. laundry n. law n. lawyer n. lay (laid, laid) v. lazy a.

lead (led, led) v. & n. leader n. leaf (pl leaves) n. league n. leak v.

learn (learnt, learnt/-ed, -ed) least n. leather n. leave (left, left) v. lecture n.

left a., ad. & n. leg n. legal a.

lemon n. & a. lemonade n. lend (lent, lent) v.

v.

length n. lesson n. let (let, let) v. letter n. level n. liberty n. liberation n. librarian n. library n. license n. lid n.

lie1 n. & v. lie2 v.

life (pl lives) n. lift? v. & n. light n., v. & a. lightning n. like? v. & prep. likely a. limit v. line n. & v. link v. & n. lion n. lip n.

liquid n. & a. list n. & v. listen v. literature n. literary a. litre ( liter) n.

44

litter v.

little (less, least) a. live? v. & a. lively a. load n. loaf n. mad a.

madam/madame n. magazine n. magic a. maid n. mail n. & v. local a. lock n. & v. lonely a. long a. & ad. look n. & v. loose a. lorry n. loss n. lose (lost, lost) v. lot n. loud a. lounge n. love n. & v. lovely a. low a. & ad. luck n. lucky a. luggage n. lunch n. lung n.

M

machine n.

mailbox n. main a. mainland n. major a. majority n.

make1 (made, made) make2 n. male a. & n. man (pl men) n. manage v. manager n. mankind n. manner n.

many ( more, most) map n. maple n. marathon n. marble n. march n. & v. mark n. & v. market n. marriage n. marry v. mask n. & v. v. pron. & a. 45

delighted a. deliver v. demand v. dentist n.

department (Dept.) n. departure n. depend v. deposit v. & n. depth n. describe v. description n. desert?v. & n. deserve v.

design v. & n. desire v. & n. desk n. desperate a. * despite prep. dessert n. destination n. destroy v. * detect v. detective n. determine v. develop v. development n. * device n. devote v. devotion n. diagram n. dial v.

dialogue ( dialog) n. diamond n. diary n. dictation n. dictionary n. die v. diet n.

differ v. difference n. different a. difficult a. difficulty n. dig (dug, dug) v. digest v. digital a. dignity n. dilemma n. dimension n. dinner n. dinosaur n. dioxide n. dip v.

direct a. & v. direction n. director n. directory n. dirty a. disability n. disabled a. disadvantage n. disagree v. disappear v. disappoint v. disappointed a. disaster n. discount n. discourage v. discover v. discovery n. discrimination n. discuss v. discussion n. disease n. disgusting a. dish n.

31

disk=disc n. dislike v. dismiss v.

* display v. & n. draw (drew, drawn) v. drawback n. drawer n.

dream (dreamt, dreamt 或-ed, -ed) n. & v. distance n. distant a. distinction n. distinguish v. distribute v. district n. disturb v. disturbing a. dive v. diverse v. divide v. division n. divorce v. dizzy a. do (did, done) v. doctor n. document n. dog n. doll n. dollar n. donate v. door n.

dormitory （dorm）n. dot n.

double a. & n. doubt n. & v. down prep. & ad. download n. & v. downstairs ad.

downtown ad., n. & dozen n. Dr =doctor n. draft n. & v. drag v.

a.dress n. & v. drill n. & v. drink (drank, drunk) v. drive (drove, driven) v. driver n.

drop n. & v. drug n. drum n. drunk a. dry v. & a. duck n. due a. dull a. dumpling n. during prep. dusk n. dustbin n. dusty a. duty n. dynamic a.

E

each a. & pron. eager a. eagle n. ear n.

early a. & ad. earn v earth n. earthquake n. east a., ad. & n. Easter n.

32

eastern a. easy a. eat (ate, eaten) v. * emphasize v. employ v. empty a. ecology n. edge n. edition n. editor n. educate v. educator n. education n. effect n. * efficient a. effort n. egg n. eggplant n.

either a., conj. elder n. elect v. electric a. electrical a. electricity n. electronic a. elegant a. elephant n. else ad.

email n. & v. embarrass v. embassy n. emergency n. emperor n.

& ad. encourage v. end n. & v. ending n. endless a. enemy n. energetic a. energy n. * engage v. engine n. engineer n. enjoy v. enjoyable a. enlarge v.

enough n., a. & enquiry n. enter v. enterprise n. entertainment n. enthusiastic a. entire a. entrance n. envelope n. environment n. envy v. & n. equal a. & v. equality n. equip v.

ad. 33

equipment n. eraser n. error n. erupt v. escape n. & v. especially ad. essay n.

* essential a. & n. * estimate n. & v. Europe n. European a. & n. evaluate v. even ad. evening n. event n. eventually ad. ever ad. every a. everybody pron. everyday a. everyone pron. everything pron. everywhere ad. evidence n. evident a. evolution n. exact a.

exam = examination n. examine v. example n.

excellent a. except prep. exchange n. & v. excite v. excuse n. & v. exercise n. & v. exhibition n. exist v. existence n. exit n. expand v. expect v. expectation n. expense n. expensive a. experience n. experiment n. expert n. explain v. explanation n. explode v. explore v. export n. & v. expose v. express v. & n. expression n. extension n. extra a. extraordinary a. extreme a.

34

eye n. eyesight n.

fasten v. fat n. & a. father n. fault n.

favour ( favor) n.

favourite ( favorite) a. & n. F

face n. & v. facial a. fact n. factory n. fade v. fail v. & n. failure n. fair1 a. fair2 n. faith n.

fall1 (fell, fallen) v. fall2=autumn n. false a. familiar a. family n. famous a. fan n.

fancy n., v. & a. fantastic a. fantasy n.

far (farther, farthest /further, furthest) a. & ad. fare n. farm n. farmer n. fast a. & ad.

fax n. & v. fear n. feast n. feather n. * feature n. & v. federal a. fee n.

feed (fed, fed) v. feel (felt, felt) v. feeling n. fellow n. female a. & n. fence n. ferry n.

festival n. & a. fetch v. fever n.

few pron. & a. fibre ( fiber) n. fiction n. field n. fierce a.

fight (fought, fought) figure n. & v. n. & v. 35

file n. fill v.

film n. & v. flight?n. float v. flood n. & v. final a. finance n. * financial a. find (found, found) fine1?a. fine2 v. finger n. fingernail n. finish v. & n. fire n. & v. fireworks n. firm1?n. firm2 a.

fish n. & v. fisherman n. fist n. fit a. & v. fix v. flag n. flame n. flash n. flashlight n. flat1 n. flat2 a.

flee (fled, fled) v. flexible a. flesh n.

v. floor n. flour n. flow v. flower n. flu n. fluency a. fluent a.

fly1 (flew, flown) v. fly2 n. focus v. & n. fog n. foggy a. fold v. folk a. follow v. fond a. food n. fool n. & v. foolish a. foot (pl feet) n. football n. for prep. & conj. forbid (forbade, forbidden) force v.

forecast n. & v. forehead n. foreign a.

v. 36

foreigner n.

foresee (foresaw, foreseen) v. forest n. forever ad.

forget (forgot, forgot/forgotten) v. forgetful a.

forgive (forgave, forgiven) v. fork n. form n. & v. format n. former a. fortnight n. fortunate a. fortune n. forty num. forward ad. found v. fountain n. fox n. franc n. fragile a. fragrant a. framework n. free a. freedom n. freeway n.

freeze (froze, frozen) v. freezing a. frequent a. fresh a.

friction n.

fridge = refrigerator n. friend n. friendly a. friendship n. frighten v. frog n. from prep. front a. & n. frontier n. frost n. fruit n. fry v. fuel n. full a. fun n. & a. function n. & v. * fund n. & v. fundamental a. funeral n. funny a. fur n. furnished a. furniture n. future n.

G

gain v. gallery n.

37

gallon n. game n. * gap n. garage n. garbage n. garden n. garlic n. garment n. gas n. gate n. gather v. gay a. general a. & n. generation n. generous a. gentle a. gentleman n. geography n. geometry n. gesture n. get (got, got) v. gift n. gifted a. girl n.

give (gave, given) v. glad a. glance v. glare v. glass n. globe n.

glory n. glove n. glue n. go (went, gone) v. goal n. goat n. god n. gold n. & a. golden a. golf n.

good ( better, best) a. goods n. goose (pl geese) n. govern v. government n. grade n. gradual a. graduate v. graduation n. grain n. gram n. grammar n. grand a. grandchild n. granddaughter n. grandma = grandmother n. grandpa = grandfather n. grandparents n. grandson n. granny n.

38

grape n. graph n. grasp v. grass n. grateful a. gravity n.

great a. & ad. greedy a. green a. & n. greengrocer n. greet v. greeting n. grey (gray) a. grill n. grocer n. grocery n. ground n. group n.

grow (grew, grown) v. growth n. guarantee v. guard n. guess v. guest n. guidance n. guide n. guilty a. guitar n. gun n.

gym = gymnasium n.

gymnastics n.

H

habit n. hair n. haircut n. half a. & n. hall n. ham n. hamburger n. hammer n. hand n. & v. handbag n. handful n. handkerchief n. handle n. & v. handsome a. handwriting n. handy a.

hang (hung, hung/-ed, -ed) happen v happiness n. happy a.

harbour ( harbor) n. hard ad. & a. hardly ad. hardship n. hardworking a. harm n. & v.

v. 39

harmful a. harmony n. harvest n. & v. hat n. hesitate v. hi int.

hide (hid, hidden) v. high a. & ad. hatch v. hate v. & n. have ( has, had, had) v. head n. & v. headache n. headline n.

headmaster/mistress n. health n. healthy a.

hear (heard, heard) v. hearing n. heart n. heat n. heaven n. heavy a. heel n. height n. helicopter n. hello int. helmet n. help n. & v. helpful a. hen n. herb n. here ad. hero n.

highway n. hill n. hire v. history n.

hit (hit, hit) n. & hobby n. hold (held, held) v.hole n. holiday n. holy a.

home n. & ad. homeland n. hometown n. homework n. honest a. honey n.

honour ( honor) n. hook n. & v. hope n. & v. hopeful a. hopeless a. horrible a. horse n. hospital n. host n. & v. hostess n.

v. & v. 40

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