2015高考词汇增加部分讲解与过关

江苏省灌南高级中学2015届高三艺术班英语高考冲刺 吴德富 2015-5

2015年江苏省高考英语新增词汇 1. anticipate verb forestall (1) to expect sth. 预料；预期：

vt. We don't anticipate any major problems. 我们预料不会发生什么大问题。 Our anticipated arrival time is 8.30. 我们预计抵达的时间是 8:30。 The eagerly anticipated movie will be released next month. 那出观众翘首企盼的电影将于下月上映。

[+ v-ing] They anticipate moving to bigger premises by the end of the year. 他们预期年底前迁入较大的经营场址。

[+n. v-ing] I don't anticipate it being a problem. 我不认为它会成为一个问题。 [+ that---] We anticipate that sales will rise next year. 我们预料明年销售量将会增加。

It is anticipated that inflation will stabilize at 3%. 据预测，通货膨胀将稳定在 3%。 (2) 预见，预计(并做准备)：

[+ wh-] Try and anticipate what the interviewers will ask. 尽量设想面试主持者会提出什么问题。 (3) 期盼；期望： [+n.]

We eagerly anticipated the day we would graduate from school. 我们迫切地期盼着毕业离校的那一天。 [+v -ing, n+v -ing]

(4) (formal) ▲ an?tici?pa?tory adj. (formal)： a fast anticipatory movement by the goalkeeper 守门员的快速预期动作 2. assure verb

(1)~ sb (of sth): 使确信；向…保证：

[ + (that) ] You think I did it deliberately, but I assure you (that) I did not. 你认为这是我故意干的，不过我向你保证不是的。 We were assured that everything possible was being done. 我们确信是在尽一切努力。

vt. She's perfectly safe, I can assure you.我可以向你保证，她绝对安全。 We assured him of our support. 我们向他保证给予支持。

[+n speech]; He'll come back, Susan assured her. \他会回来的。\苏珊安慰她道。 (2) ~ yourself (of sth);· to make yourself certain about sth 弄清；查明： vt. He assured himself of her safety. 他确定她是安全的。

[+ that] She assured herself that the letter was still in the drawer. 她查清楚信仍然在抽屉里。 (3) 确保；使确定

Victory would assure a place in the finals. 胜利将确保能参加决赛。 [+n.+n] Victory would assure them a place in the finals. 胜利将确保他们能参加决赛。 (4) vt.· 保险(尤指人寿险)： What is the sum assured? 人寿保险额是多少？ 3. cease verb (formal) (使)停止，终止，结束：

Attitude decides altitude

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江苏省灌南高级中学2015届高三艺术班英语高考冲刺 吴德富 2015-5

[v] Welfare payments cease as soon as an individual starts a job.

一旦就业，即停发福利救济。

[+ to ] You never cease to amaze me! 你总能让我感到惊奇！

vt. They voted to cease strike action immediately.他们投票决定立即停止罢工。 He ordered his men to cease fire (= stop shooting). 他命令手下停止射击。 [+v -ing]

The company ceased trading in June. 这家公司已于六月停业。 4. commodity noun(pl. -ies)

(1) 商品：rice, flour and other basic commodities; 稻米、麪粉和其他基本商品 a drop in commodity prices; 商品价格的下跌 (2) 有用的东西；有使用价值的事物：

Water is a precious commodity that is often taken for granted in the West. 水很宝贵，但在西方人们往往意识不到这一点。 5. compile verb [+n.]

(1) 编写(书、列表、报告等)；编纂：

We are trying to compile a list of suitable people for the job. 我们在努力编制一份适合做这项工作的人员的名单。 (2) (computing 计) 编译 ; 6. comprehensive adj., noun

(1) 全部的；所有的；(几乎)无所不包的；详尽的 a comprehensive list of addresses; 详尽的地址目录 a comprehensive study; 全面的研究

comprehensive insurance (= covering all risks) ; 综合保险 (2) 综合性的(接收各种资质的学生) ▲ com?pre?hen?sive?ness noun [U] 7. consent noun, verb

(1) [U] ~ (to sth) 同意；准许；允许：

Children under 16 cannot give consent to medical treatment. * 16 岁以下的儿童不得自行同意接受治疗。 The written consent of a parent is required. 要求有家长的书面同意。

to refuse / withhold your consent ; 拒不同意

He is charged with taking a car without the owner's consent. 他因未征得车主的同意自行开走车而受到指控。 (2) [U] 同意；赞同：

She was chosen as leader by common consent (= everyone agreed to the choice). 大家一致同意选她为领导人。

By mutual consent, they didn't go out(= they both agreed not to). 按照双方同意，他们没有约会。

(3)[C] 正式批准文件；批文; ~ (to sth)(rather formal) 同意；准许；允许： [v] When she told them what she intended they readily consented. 她告诉他们她的打算时，他们欣然同意。

He reluctantly consented to his daughter's marriage.他勉强同意了女儿的婚事。 Attitude decides altitude

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江苏省灌南高级中学2015届高三艺术班英语高考冲刺 吴德富 2015-5

[+ to do] She finally consented to answer our questions. 她最终同意回答我们的问题。 8. contrast noun, verb;

(1) [C, U] ~ (between A and B) | ~ (to / with sb / sth)· 明显的差异；对比；对照： There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West. 东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。

The company lost $7 million this quarter in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.

这家公司本季度亏损了700万元,与去年同期620万元的盈利形成了对照。 When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast. 看一看他们的新系统，就显得我们的系统陈旧过时了。

The situation when we arrived was in marked contrast to the news reports. 我们到达时的局势与新闻报道的截然不同。 to show a sharp / stark / striking contrast with sth 与某事物形成鲜明 / 明显 / 显着的对比

The poverty of her childhood stands in total contrast to her life in Hollywood. 她孩提时的贫困处境与她在好莱坞的生活有着天壤之别。

Careful contrast of the two plans shows some important differences. 把两个计划仔细地加以对比就可看出一些重要的差异。 (2) [C] ~ (to sb / sth)· 明显不同的人(或事物)：

The work you did today is quite a contrast to (= very much better / worse than)what you did last week. 你今天的成果与上周截然不同。 (3)[U] 颜色反差，明暗对比：

The artist's use of contrast is masterly. 这位艺术家嫺熟地运用了明暗对比。 (4) [U] 图像明暗对比度，反差：

Use this button to adjust the contrast. 用此按钮调节图像明暗的对比度。 (1) [+n] ~ (A and / with B) 对比；对照：

The poem contrasts youth and age. 这首诗对比了青春与老年。 (2) [v] ~ (with sth) 显出明显的差异，形成对比：

Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。 Her actions and her promises contrasted sharply. 她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。 9. core, noun, adj., verb (1) 果心；核儿

(2) (物体的)中心部份：the earth's core 地核; the core of a nuclear reactor 核反应堆的活性区 (3) 最重要的部份；核心；要点；精髓： the core of the argument; 争论的核心

Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies. 对环境的关注是我们政策的核心。

(4) 一小群人：He gathered a small core of advisers around him. 他的周围聚集了一帮谋士。 to the core直至核心；十足；透顶, He's a politician to the core. 他是个十足的政客。

Attitude decides altitude

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江苏省灌南高级中学2015届高三艺术班英语高考冲刺 吴德富 2015-5

(1) 最重要的；主要的；基本的：

core subjects 核心科目; the core curriculum; 核心课程 The use of new technology is core to our strategy. 运用新技术是我们策略的关键。 (2) 核心信念；核心价值；核心原则：

put forward the core socialist values.践行社会主义核心价值观。 (3) used to describe the most important members of a group 核心成员；骨干：

The team is built around a core group of players. 这个队是以几名骨干队员为核心构建的。 vt.去掉果心；去核儿

10. criterion, noun(pl.) cri?teria标准，准则，原则： What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability? 用什么标准来评定一个学生的能力？

11. crucial, adj. ~ (to / for sth) | ~ (that ...)至关重要的；关键性的 ; 同义词：critical , essential

a crucial factor / issue / decision ; 关键性的因素 / 问题 / 决定 topics of crucial importance ; 至关重要的课题

Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company. 赢得这份合同对这家公司的成败至关重要。

Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school. 父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。

He wasn't there at the crucial moment (= when he was needed most). 紧要关头他却不在那里。 crucially important 极其重要 12. crush ★ verb, noun [+n.] (1) 压坏；压伤；挤压变形：

The car was completely crushed under the truck.小轿车被卡车压得完全变形了。 Several people were crushed to death in the accident.好几个人在事故中压死了。 (2) [+adv. / prep.] 把…挤入，将…塞进(狭小的空间内)： Over twenty prisoners were crushed into a small dark cell. 二十多名囚犯被塞在一间黑暗狭小的牢房里。 (3)压碎；捣碎；碾成粉末：

Add two cloves of crushed garlic. 加入两瓣捣碎的蒜。 (4) (使)变皱，起皱

(5)镇压；(用暴力)制伏 同义词：put down , quash ：

The army was sent in to crush the rebellion. 军队被派去平息叛乱。 (6) 破坏，毁坏(某人的信心或幸福)：

She felt completely crushed by the teacher's criticism. 老师的批评使她觉得自己全完了。 (1) [C, usually sing.]拥挤的人群：

a big crush in the theatre bar 剧院酒吧里拥挤不堪的人群 I couldn't find a way through the crush. 人太挤，我挤不过去。 (2) [C] ~ (on sb) (通常指年轻人对年长者的短暂的)热恋，迷恋：

Attitude decides altitude

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江苏省灌南高级中学2015届高三艺术班英语高考冲刺 吴德富 2015-5

a schoolgirl crush 女学生的迷恋

I had a huge crush on her. 我对她爱慕至极。 (3) [U] a drink made from fruit juice· 果汁饮料 13. curse, noun, verb

(1) (also cuss)[C] 咒骂语；骂人话

He muttered a curse at the other driver. 他低声咒骂另一位开车的人。 (2) [C]咒；咒语：The family thought that they were under a curse. 这家人认为他们受人诅咒而遭了殃。 (3) [C] 祸根；祸端；祸水：

the curse of drug addiction 吸毒成瘾的祸害 Noise is a curse of modern city life. 噪音是现代城市生活的一大祸根。

(4) the curse [sing.] (old-fashioned, informal) menstruation (1) [v]· to swear 诅咒：

He hit his head as he stood up and cursed loudly. 他站起来时撞了头，便破口大骂。 (2) [+n.] ~ (sb / sth) (for sth)· 咒骂；诅咒；在心里诅咒： She cursed her bad luck. 她骂自己运气不好。 (3) [+n.] 念咒语诅咒：

Legend has it that the whole village had been cursed by a witch. 传说整座村庄遭到了巫婆的诅咒。 be cursed with sth

不断因…而遭殃；为…所苦；受…之害：

She seems cursed with bad luck. 她好像运气不好,连连遭殃。

14. deduce verb ~ (sth) (from sth)(formal)推论；推断；演绎； 同义词：infer [+ that] Can we deduce from your silence that you do not approve? 你保持沉默，我们是否可以据此而推断出你不赞成？ vt. We can deduce a lot from what people choose to buy. 从人们选购的东西可以作出多方面的推断。 [also V wh-] ； deduction ▲ de?du?cible adj. 15. despair, noun, verb

[U] 绝望：She uttered a cry of despair. 她发出了绝望的叫声。

A deep sense of despair overwhelmed him. 深深的绝望使他痛苦不堪。 He gave up the struggle in despair. 他绝望地放弃了斗争。 One harsh word would send her into the depths of despair. 一句严厉的话就会使她陷入极度的绝望之中。

Eventually, driven to despair, he threw himself under a train. 他被迫得走投无路，最后卧轨自杀。—see also desperate be the despair of sb

to make sb worried or unhappy, because they cannot help

令某人担心(或绝望)： My handwriting was the despair of my teachers. 我的字写得很差，使老师们感到十分失望。

Attitude decides altitude

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