2011年高考英语“Earthquake”话题专项训练

2011年高考英语“Earthquake”话题专项训练

一、整体把握，注意语境

1. In mid-afternoon on March 11th ____ massive earthquake erupted, 24 kilometres down, off ____ north-east coast of Japan’s main island. A. the; a B. a; a C. a; the D. the; /

句意：11日中午时分，距日本主岛海岸东北方向的24公里（15英里）深处发生剧烈地震。 2. A tsunami followed. Cars, ships and buildings were _____ away.

A. moved B. mopped C. swept D. removed 句意：随后引发海啸。汽车、船只以及建筑物 被席卷一空。 move v. / n. 推动, 使移动, 使 ... 感动

sweep v./ n. 打扫, 掠过, 扫视, 席卷, 全胜, 清除 mop v. 用拖把拖, 擦拭 n. 拖把, 拖把状物; remove v. 消除, 脱掉, 免除, 搬迁n. 间距, 去除

二、正确分析句子结构，把握命题意图先找谓语动词，划分出意群，弄清句子 结构，找出所缺句子的成分，这样才有利于问题的解决。

3. People in Tokyo 370 kilometres from Fukushima ____ poured out of buildings ___ high-rises shook.

A. away; as B. off; while C. away; before D. off; when 远在370公里的东京其高层建筑摇晃起来，人们纷纷涌出建筑物。

4. The broadcaster says whole villages in parts of Japan's north-eastern Pacific coast were washed away by a tsunami _______ ten metres high.

A. to reach B. reached C. reaching D. being reached 现在分词在句中做后置定语，修饰tsunami

5. In Japan the fires caused by earthquakes, _______ the quakes themselves, are usually the main killers.

A. more than B. apart from C. as well as D. rather than 解析： caused by earthquakes作定语修饰the fires ， the fires 与 the quakes themselves并列，根据句意:在日本，不是地震本身，而是地震引起的火灾使人致命的主要原因。

6. Japanese Fukushima Nuclear Power Station brings other earthquake-related concerns ____ there could be a radiation leak from a nuclear reactor ______ cooling system was knocked out by Friday's massive earthquake.

A. if; of which B. whether; whose C. whether; which D. which; of which

解析： whether 引导同位语从句；whose引导定语从句。 （放射能泄漏 核反应堆） 13. ______ we can do now is to pray for the victims and the missing, hoping they are all safe. A. Whatever B. What C. Which D. All what 解析：考查主语从句。

该空可填入What, All that, All 三、 注意非谓语动词的用法.

8. Thousands of people were reported _______in the earthquake, but so far we haven't found out the exact number yet.

A. to die B. to be dying C. to have been dead D. to be dead 四、找准关键词语

12. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide____for the

homeless families.

A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture. 答案: A.

accommodation 住处

occupation 占用,工作，职业； equipment 设备，器材 furniture 家具；

15. Do not use your car during the earthquake _____ there is an emergency. A. as though B. unless C. if D. when B. 除非紧急，不要用汽车。 五、熟记固定搭配、克服思维定势

11. ______ the natural disasters, human beings are fragile.

A. Facing with B. Being faced with C. Faced D. Faced with 解析：该空可填入In the face of 或者Facing

14. If you are in an earthquake: Be sure to put on shoes immediately, to _____ injury from stepping on broken glass and objects.

A. stop B. avoid C. prevent D. protect 句意：穿好鞋，以防被玻璃和其他物件所伤。 辨析：

? stop/prevent you from stepping on broken glass ? protect you from broken glass and objects 六、注意单词和词组的辨析

7. Today, the magnitude of Japanese earthquake has been ______ to 9.0. A. adopted B. adapted C. assessed D. adjusted 解析：adjust 调节，调整；修正采取;

adopt 采纳;吸收. , 过继,收养[(+as)],挑选...为候选人 [(+as)], 正式通过,接受; adapt 使适应,使适合改编,改写;

assess 对...进行估价,评价[(+as)],,征(税);处(罚款) [(+at)],

9. We all know that Japan is a country of _______ earthquakes and owns the most advanced earthquake prevention system.

A. frequent B. often C. normal D. common

10. But this time, the disaster still took many people's lives. It is a warning and a challenge to all of us.

A. choice B. instruction C. preparation D. challenge

A

The largest earthquake （magnitude 里氏 9. 5） of the 20th century happened on May 22,1960 off the coast of South Central Chile.

It generated（生成）one of the most destructive Pacific-wide tsunamis（海啸）. Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concepcion to the south end of Isia Chiloe. The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isia Chiloe—the coastal area closest to the epicenter（震中）. Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland.

There was large damage and loss of life at Concepcion, Chile's top industrial city. Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people. At me port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed. A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed —one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless.

Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated to be over a half billion dollars . The total number of death related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region Estimates of deaths reached between 490 to 5,7002 with no distinction（差别） as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami. However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami.

1. Where did the largest tsunami damage occurred?

A. Concepcion B. Isia Chiloe C. Valdivia D. Valparaiso 2. What can we learn about the tsunami waves generated by the earthquake?

A. The tsunami waves as high as 25 meters arrived immediately after the earthquake. B. The tsunami waves killed 200 people and sank all boats. C. The tsunami waves were very destructive. D. The tsunami waves flooded half of the inland.

3. What is generally thought the main cause of deaths in Chiloe? A. landslides B. the tsunami

C. aftershocks D. the magnitude 9.5 earthquake 4. What is the total number of deaths in the earthquake?

A. bout 2,000,000. B. Between 4,900 to 57,002. C. bout 200,000. D. It was hard to know. 5. What does the underlined word \

A. was destroyed B. caught fire C. was flooded D. sank 1—5BCDCA

1. B 细节查找。从文章第二段第三行“the largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe---the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中).”可以得到答案。

2. C 细节推断。第二段的最后几句。A选项不是arrived immediately而是10-15分钟以后到来。B选项为至少200人，D选项不是half of the inland而是half a kilometer，故以上3个选项均有误。

3. B 细节理解。 在最后一段However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami. 4. D 细节理解。2,000,000为无家可归人的数目；200,000为the city of Valparaiso的人口数。490 to 5,7002为地震和海啸共同导致的死亡数。

5. A 猜测词义。本段的下一句A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed中destroyed 可以推测出答案。

B

Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth's surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may

run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.

The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.

The United Nations has played an important part in reducing the damage done by earthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past.

There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic sea waves, or tsunamis. (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.) In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes sometimes give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them \meaning \waves\

Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave. 6. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage? A. The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth. B. Roughly the same number of earthquakes occur each year. C. Earthquakes are impossible at depths over 460 miles. D. Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surfaces. 7. The destruction of Agadir is an example of ______. ? A. faulty building construction B. an earthquake's strength

C. widespread panic in earthquakes D. ineffective instruments

8. The United Nations' experts are supposed to______.? A. construct strong buildings B. put forward proposals

C. detect disastrous earthquakes D. monitor earthquakes

9. The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may______.?

A. notice them out at sea B. find ways to stop them C. be warned early enough D. develop warning systems 6-9CABC

Some countries have a large number of earthquakes. Japan is one of them, while others do not have many, for example, there are few earthquakes in Britain. There is often a great noise during an earthquake. The ground shakes. Houses fall down. Railways are broken, which causes trains to run off. Sometimes thousands of people are killed in different ways. About 60,000 people were killed in 1783 in the south of Italy. Some people say that earthquakes often happen near volcanoes (火山) ,but this is not true. The centres of some earthquakes are under the sea. The bottom of the sea suddenly moves. The powerful forces inside the earth break the rocks. The coast is shaken and great waves appear. These waves travel long distances and rush over the land when they reach it, breaking down houses and other buildings, even more than the earthquake itself. What kind of building stays up best in an earthquake? The Americans carefully studied the results of the earthquake at San Francisco (1906) and believed it best for buildings to be made with concrete (水泥) walls held together by steel frames (钢筋框架). Such are the buildings that can’t burn or fall easily.

41. The best title of this passage should be____.

A. Earthquakes B. The Centres of Earthquakes C. How to Stop Earthquakes D. How to Build Strong Buildings 42. Which of the following is wrong? ____

A. Some earthquakes have their centers under the sea.

B. It is not true that earthquakes often appear near volcanoes.

C. Buildings with concrete walls are better protected against earthquakes. D. Trains′ turning over is directly caused by earthquakes.

43. According to this passage, ____makes more losses than the earthquake itself. A. a great noise

B. terrible waves caused by the earthquake C. volcanoes D. nothing

44. Earthquakes often happen ____.

A .near volcanoes B. by the sea C. in Japan D. in Britain

45.When an earthquake happens, ____ can be heard. A. sounds of great waves

B. sounds of houses falling down C. a great noise D. people′s cries A D B C C

和地震有关的：

? earthquake-striken area 灾区

? resist an earthquake 抗震

? aftershock n. 余震 ? disaster / catastrophe n. 灾难

? chaos n. 混乱

? high-rises n. 高楼；大厦 ? landslide n. 山崩；山体滑坡

? destroy v. 破坏；毁坏 ? panic n. v. adj.惊慌

? injuries and deaths n. 伤亡 ? victim n. 受害人；遇难者

? survivor n. 幸存者；生还者

? earthquake relief 地震救援

? rescuer n. 救助者 ? shelter n. 庇护所；避难所

? emergency紧急情况 ? Check-up

16-20 ACCDB 21-25 BDBCC 26-30 CBBCB 31-35 DCCAD 41-44 CABA

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