通用版2018版高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit1Schoolli

Unit 1 School life

Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 1．earn 2．average 3．struggle

4．exchange 5．charge 6．run 7．select 8．enjoy →enjoyable 9．respect →respectful →respected →respectable 10．experience →experienced →inexperienced 11．devote →devoted →devotion 12．approve →approval →disapprove 13．inform →information 14．encourage

vt. adj. n. vi. n．& vt. n. vt. vt.

vt. vt.

adj.

n．& vt.

adj. adj. adj.

n．& vt.

adj. adj.

vt.

adj. n.

vt.& vi.

n. vi.

vt.

n.

vt.

获得；赚，挣得 一般的，普通的；平均的难事；斗争；努力 奋斗，努力；挣扎 交换；交流 负责，掌管 使承担责任；收费 管理；操作 选择，挑选 喜欢；享受

有乐趣的；令人愉快的 尊敬，敬重 恭敬的，有礼貌的 受人尊敬的 可敬的 经历，体验 有经验的 无经验的 致力于；献身 忠实的；深爱的 奉献；挚爱

批准，通过；赞成，同意批准，赞成 不赞成，不同意 通知，告知 消息 鼓励

→encouragement n. →encouraged adj. →encouraging adj.

15．satisfy vt.

→satisfied

adj.

→satisfying/satisfactory

adj. →satisfaction n.

16．graduate vi.

n. →graduation n.

17．fluent adj.

→fluently adv. →fluency n.

18．donate vt.

→donator n. →donation n.

19．prepare v.

→prepared adj. →preparation

n.

Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 20．extra adj. 21．literature n. 22．challenging adj. 23．academic adj. 24．broadcast vt.& n. 25．independent adj. 26．sculpture n. 27．splendid adj. 28．dynasty n. 29．somehow adv. 30．generation n.

鼓励 鼓舞的 令人鼓舞的 使……满意 满意的

令人满意的 满意 毕业 毕业生 毕业 流利的 流利地 流利 捐赠 捐赠者 捐赠；捐款 把……准备好，筹备 有准备的 准备，筹备

额外的，外加的 文学 具有挑战性的 学业的，学术的 广播，播放 独立的 雕像，雕塑 极佳的；非常好的 朝代，王朝

不知为什么；不知怎么地 一代，一代人

高频短语——会默写 1．for free 2．make sure 3．make use of 4．be fond of 5．look back(on) 6．on average 7．in charge of 8．take good care of 9．devote...to... 10．at the end of 11．become interested in 12．used to do sth.

免费；无偿地 确保，保证 利用，使用 喜欢，喜爱 回顾，回忆 平均，一般地 负责，掌管 好好照顾 把……奉献给…… 在……的结尾或尽头 变得对……感兴趣 过去常常做某事

教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 1.We also had different students in some 1.对北京和张家口来说，获得2022年冬classes，so it was a struggle for me to 季奥运会举办权是一个巨大的成功。 remember all the faces and names. (it替代动词不定式作形式主语) 2.Upon finishing his studies，he started travelling in China.(on/upon＋doing/n. 一……就……) the right to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. 2.一听到这个消息，她就大声地哭了起来。 ，she burst into tears. 3.The more choices you have，the better 3.你工作越努力，进步就越大。 your decisions will be.(the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，越……) 4.I was a little nervous at first，but you work， you will make. 4.这个节目如此有趣以至于我今晚上想everyone was so nice and friendly that I 再看一遍。 soon stopped worrying. (so...that... 如此……以至于……) This programme I'd like to watch it tonight again. 【答案】 1.It is a great success for Beijing and Zhangjiakou to win 2.Upon/On hearing the news 3.The harder；the more progress 4.is so interesting that

精讲8个考纲单词

experience vt.经历，体验 n．[U]经验；[C]经历

[高考佳句] But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education.(2016年天津高考·阅读理解B)但是，作为一名技校学生的父母本身就是一种教育的经历。

(1)experienced adj. be experienced in(doing)sth. (2)be a(n)．..experience for sb. have experience in(doing)sth. 有经验的，经验丰富的 在(做)某事方面有经验 对某人来说是……的经历 在(做)某事方面有经验 ①He is very experienced in looking(look)after animals.他在照顾动物方面很有②She used to be manager in a company，so she has experience in management.她曾经是一家公司的经理，因此她在管理方面有经验。

respect vt.& n．尊敬，敬重

[高考佳句] In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.(2016年全国乙卷·阅读理解D)

另一种用途，亚洲文化中人们可能把沉默当作是尊敬的象征，尤其是对年龄大的人或权威人士。

(1)respecting prep. (2)have/show respect for... out of respect for sb. in all/some/many respects (3)respect sb.for... 关于 尊重…… 出于对某人的尊敬 在各个/某些/许多方面 因……而尊重某人 ①She did it out of respect for her teacher. 她这么做是出于对老师的尊重。

②We respect him for his active attitude towards life.我们因他对生活的积极态度而敬重他。

[链接写作] 一句多译

最美乡村女教师邓丽因为她为孩子们所做的一切而受到我们由衷的尊敬。

①We deeply respect Deng Li，the most beautiful country female teacher，for what she has done for the children.(respect v．)

②We show/have deep respect for Deng Li，the most beautiful country female teacher，for what she has done for the children.(respect n．)

③We are deeply respectful to Deng Li，the most beautiful country female teacher，for what she has done for the children.(respectful adj.)

devote vt.致力于，献身

[经典例句] Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.一心投入到教育失聪儿童，这位年轻女士几乎没有时间照顾她自己的女儿。

(1)devoted adj. devotion n. (2)devote...to... devote oneself to be devoted to... 忠实的，深爱的，专心的 贡献，忠诚，关心 把……贡献给；致力于……，把……用于 献身于，致力于 奉献于……，专心于……，忠心于…… ①Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children. 阿兰娜一直深爱着她的孩子们。

②He devoted all his life to helping(help)the children who are in need of help. 他把一生都献给了帮助那些需要帮助的孩子们。

③Devoted(devote)to the people，he gave all his life in saving his patients' lives.

他忠于人民，把毕生精力用于挽救患者的生命。 [链接写作] 例句②的其他表达方式

①He was devoted to helping the children who are in need of help all through his life.

②He was occupied in helping the children who are in need of help all through his life.

③He occupied himself in helping the children who are in need of help all through his life.

struggle n．难事；斗争；努力 vi.奋斗，努力；挣扎

[高考佳句] Because a college community differs from the family，many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.(2016年北京高考·阅读理解D)因为大学群体不同于家庭，许多学生将会努力寻找归属感。

struggle for struggle with/against... 为……而努力/奋斗/斗争 与……作斗争

struggle to one's feet struggle to do sth. 挣扎着站起来 努力或挣扎着做某事 ①We should believe in ourselves and make great efforts to struggle for success as well as wealth.

我们应该相信自己并努力为成功和财富而奋斗。

②We are struggling to change(change)human behaviour in ways that protect health and reduce risks and threats.我们正在努力改变人类的行为方式以保护健康并减少风险和威胁。

③He struggled to his feet and went away without saying a word. 他挣扎着站起身，一句话也没说就走了。 exchange n．& vt.交换；交流；兑换 (1)make an exchange in exchange(for...) (2)exchange sth.for sth. exchange sth.with sb. 交换 作为交换(……) 用某物交换某物 与某人交换某物 ①They gave me food and a place to stay in exchange for my work.他们为我提供食物和住的地方，作为交换，我为他们工作。

②I wish to exchange it for another camera or declare a refund.我希望可以换一台相机或是要求退款。

③I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom.我想要学生把这个材料研究透并在教室里彼此交流他inform vt.通知，告知

[教材原句] We regret to inform you that our library will be closed next Wednesday，Thursday and Friday for the sports meeting.

我很遗憾的告诉你，我们的图书馆因为运动会将在下个星期三，星期四，星期五暂时关闭。

inform sb.that... inform sb.of... keep sb.informed of... 通告/告知某人…… 通告/告知某人…… 随时告知某人/使某人了解……

①They would inform him of any progress they had made.他们会把他们取得的任何进展都告诉他。

approve vt.& vi.批准，通过；赞成，同意

[经典例句] The firm's directors quickly approved the new plan.

公司的董事们很快批准了这个新的计划。 (1)approval n． disapprove vi. (2)approve sth. approve of(doing)sth. 批准；赞成，同意 不同意，不赞成 批准/通过某事 赞成/同意(做)某事 ①I would appreciate it if you could approve my application. 如果我的申请获得你的批准，我将不胜感激。

②I approve of your earning(earn)some money，but please don't neglect your studies.

我同意你去挣一些钱，但是请不要耽搁了功课。

③She would never do anything that did not meet with her parents' approval(approve)．

她从来不会做父母不赞成的事情。

[名师点津] “赞成/同意某人做某事”不可说成approve sb.to do sth.，因为approve意为“同意，赞成”时是不及物动词，所以应该用approve of sb./one's doing sth.，其中介词of后是v.-ing的复合结构。 charge n．负责，掌管；费用；电荷 vt.使承担责任；收费，要价；控告 [经典例句] As long as you have paid in advance，we won't charge you for delivery. 只要你预先付款，我们就不收你送货费。 (1)charge sb.for sth. charge sb.with sth. (2)in charge of in the charge of... take charge of free of charge 为某事而向某人收费 指控某人犯……罪/过错 负责，掌管 由……负责/掌管 负责，掌管 免费 ①The wards of the hospital are in the charge of Dr.Green.→Dr.Green is in charge of the wards of the hospital.

格林医生掌管医院的病房。

②The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs. 曾经掌管这家公司的那个人被指控吸毒。

[名师点津] in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有：in possession of，in the possession of；in control of，in the control of。

诠释3个核心短语

for free 免费，无偿地

[高考佳句] Students with I．D. cards can attend the events for free.(2016年全国丙卷·阅读理解A)有ID卡的学生可以免费参加活动。

(1)set...free... be free from/of (2)free...from... 释放，使获得自由 没有，免受……的 把……从……中解放出来，使……摆脱…… ①He opened the cage and set the eagle free. 他打开笼子，把鹰放了出去。

②We want to give all children a world free of/from violence. 我们希望给所有孩子一个没有暴力的世界。 look back(on) 回忆，回顾 look around look up look into look up to look forward to look down on/upon look through look ahead 环视 查阅；抬头看 调查，向……里看 尊敬，敬仰 盼望，期望 轻视，瞧不起 仔细浏览，查阅 向前看，为将来打算 ①Nobody looks down upon/on you because everybody is too busy to look at you. 没人瞧不起你，因为大家都太忙而无暇看你。

②I look forward to paying(pay)you a visit next week. ③Children should look up to their parents. 孩子应当尊敬父母。 make use of 利用，使用

[教材原句] With so much free time，students who do not make good use of their time may not pass their exams.有这么多的空闲时间，那些没有充分利用时间的学生可能不能通过考试。

(1)make full/good use of make the best/most of (2)put...to use come into use 充分利用 充分利用 加以使用 开始被使用

It is no use/useless doing sth. 做某事是没用的。

①In my opinion，every minute should be made full use of to learn(learn)well. 依我看来，我们应充分利用每分每秒把学习搞好。 ②It is no use crying(cry)over spilt milk.

突破3个高考句型

(教材P2)We also had different students in some classes，so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.

上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。

句中it为形式主语，而后面的动词不定式是真正的主语。

①It was an enjoyable experience for him to attend the parade. 参加那次庆典对他来说是一次愉快的经历。

(1)It＋be＋n.＋(for sb.)＋to do sth.(某人)做某事是…… (2)It＋be＋adj.＋(for sb.)＋to do sth.(某人)做某事是…… 当作表语的形容词(easy，difficult，important等)说明不定式行为的性质和特点时，常用“for sb.”引出不定式的逻辑主语。 (3)It＋be＋adj.＋(of sb.)＋to do sth.(某人)做某事是…… 当作表语的形容词(kind，nice，good等)说明不定式的逻辑主语的性格和品行时，常用“of sb.”引出不定式的逻辑主语。 ②It is not easy for some parents to communicate with their children. 对于一些父母们来说与孩子们沟通是不容易的。

③It is a great honour for me to be asked(ask)to speak here.十分荣幸能让我在这里讲话。

④How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance.放弃这么好的一个机会，你真是太傻了！

(教材P9)Upon finishing his studies，he started travelling in China. 学习一结束，他就开始游历中国。

upon/on后接名词或动名词，意为“一……就……”。

①On/Upon arriving at the station，he found that the train had left. 他一到达车站，就发现火车已经开走了。 英语中其他表示“一……就……”的基本句型： ②We hadn't met for ten years，but I recognized him the moment I saw him.我们已经十年没见面了，但是我一见到他就把他认出来了。

③Hardly had we entered the theatre when the movie began.我们刚一进电影院，电影就开始了。

[名师点津] “no sooner...than.../hardly(scarcely)．..when...”结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，若no sooner，hardly或scarcely置于句首，主句需采用部分倒装。 (教材P18)I was a little nervous at first，but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying.

起初我有些紧张，但所有成员都是那么亲切、友好，我很快就不担心了。

句中“so＋adj./adv.＋that...”结构常用来引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。 (1)so...that...常见形式如下： so＋adj./adv.＋that... so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(可数名词单数)＋that... so＋many/few/much/little(少的)＋n.＋that... (2)such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”常见形式如下： such＋adj.＋n.(不可数名词)＋that... such＋adj.＋n.(可数名词复数)＋that... such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(可数名词单数)＋that... ①This is so difficult a problem that I can't work it out.这是一个如此难的题以至于我做不出来。

②The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.

长城是如此闻名的旅游胜地，以至于每年有成百万上千万的游客慕名而来。 [多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型——————————————

基础考点全面练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1． average，people who don't smoke are healthier than people who do. 2．Ella's parents came to her (graduate)ceremony，which made her very happy.

4．The players (select)from the whole country brought us honour in 2016 Olympic.

5．Group exercise is (challenge)，yet fun and exciting.

6．Please keep silent.The Voice of China (broadcast)on TV and I want to watch it.

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