新概念3册27课语法分析

1. It形式主语 has been said①据说that引导真正的主语everyone每个人lives by selling something②靠卖东西过日子. （全文的topic sentence主题句） 语法分析

It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. 据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。 第一层

It形式主语has been said谓语that everyone lives by selling something.主语从句 第二层

that引主从句everyone主语lives谓语by（通过，靠）selling something方式状语.

2. In the light of = according to = taking into account = in accordance with/ base on / in terms of / in proportion as / on the strength of①依据, 按照, 就…而言,考虑到, 从...的观点this statement这种说法, teachers live by selling knowledge知识, philosophers②哲学家by selling wisdom③智慧 and priests牧师；（天主教的）神父by selling spiritual comfort④精神安慰. 语法分析

In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.

根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。 In the light of this statement方式状语, teachers主语live谓语by selling knowledge方式状语, philosophers主语by selling wisdom方式状语and连词priests主语by selling spiritual comfort方状.

3. Though引让步状从it形主语 may be possibleto可以… measure①衡量，估量；权衡the value（= worth） ofmaterial goods②物质产品的价值，实际物品的价值，实物的价值in terms of money③以金钱的观点, it is extremely difficult是极其困难的to对estimate= assess④估算，评估the true value of the service这种服务的真正价值which引导定从 people perform（= do）for us⑤为我们提供的. 语法分析

Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. 虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。 第一层

Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money让步状从, it形主is系词extremely状语difficult表语to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us真主语. 第二层

Though引导让步状从it 形主may be系词possible表语to measure the value of material goods in terms of money真主语 第二层

which宾语，引定从people主语perform谓语for us状语.

4. There are times①有时候when引导定从（times做先行词时，定语从句的引导词必须用

when）we would willingly give②愿付出，乐意付出，甘愿付出everything we possess我们拥有的一切，to来save挽救 our lives, yet引让步状从，然而 we mightgrudge③舍不得，吝惜，不情愿，抱怨（后接名词和动名词搭配）paying支付给 a surgeon外科大夫 (physician内科大夫)a high fee④一笔高额费用/小费for因offering us precisely(=exactly)⑤正好给我们提供了this service这种服务. 语法分析

There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.

有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。 第一层 There are谓语times主语when we would willingly give everything we possess（定从） to save our lives定从, yet连词we主语might grudge谓语paying a surgeon a high fee宾语for offering us precisely this service原因状语. 第二层

when引定从we主语would谓语willingly状语give谓语everything宾语we possess定从to save our lives目状 第三层

we主语possess谓语

5. The conditions of society社会上的情况are such = Such are the conditions of society社会上的情况就是如此that引导同位语从 skills技术have to be paid for（被动）必须付要费，必须要用金钱去购买的in the same way①照样，以相同的方式，用相同的方法，同样地that引定从(that = in which)goods are paid for at a shop在商店里商品是要花钱的. 语法分析

The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。 第一层

The conditions of society主语are系词such表语that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop同谓语从句. 第二层

that引同从句skills主have to be paid for谓语in the same way方状that goods are paid for at a shop定从. 第三层

that引定从goods主语are paid for谓语at a shop状语 6. Everyone has something to sell后置定语，每个人都有东西可卖.

(与Topic sentence: every one lives by selling something首尾呼应) 语法分析

Everyone has something to sell.人人都有东西可以出售。 Everyone主语 has谓语something宾语to sell定语.

7. Tramps①流浪汉seem to be似乎是the only exception②唯一例外to对this general rule这

条普遍规则. 语法分析

Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. 在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有流浪汉是个例外。

Tramps主语seem系词to be the only exception表语to this general rule状语.

8. Beggars乞丐almost几乎sell themselves as human beings①把自己当作人来卖to目的是arouse②唤起，激发the pity of passers-by③过路人的怜悯/同情. 目的状语 语法分析

Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. 乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。

Beggars主语almost状语sell谓语themselves宾语as human beings主补to arouse the pity of passers-by目状.

9. But real①但真正的 tramps are not beggars.

语法分析

But real tramps are not beggars.但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。 But转折连词real定语tramps主语are not 系词beggars表语.

10. They have nothing to sell后置定语，没有任何可卖的东西 and require nothing from others①不需要从别人那获得任何西. 语法分析

They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.

他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西

They主语have谓①nothing宾语 to sell后置定与and连词 require谓②nothing宾语from others状语.

11. In (＝in the course of )seeking independence①在寻找独立自由的过程中,表伴随的状态，

they do not sacrifice牺牲 their human dignity②人的尊严. 语法分析

In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. 在追求独立自由的同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。

In seeking independence状语, they主语do not sacrifice谓语their human dignity宾语.

12. A tramp may也许ask you for money（ask sb for sth向人索要某物）向你要钱, but he will never从来不会ask you to feel sorry for him（feel sympathy for him）让你觉得他可怜（ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事）. 语法分析

A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. 流浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。

A tramp主语may ask谓语you宾语for money状语, but连词he主语will谓语 never状语 ask谓语you宾语to feel sorry补语 for him状语.

13. He has deliberately（=on purpose）①故意地，刻意，存心，蓄意，甘愿chosen tolead the life选择过这种生活he leads②定从，他所过的 and is fully(=completely = perfectly) aware of（= become aware of = be conscious of / be sensible of）完全清楚/明白the consequences③(不良)种种后果，恶果. 语法分析

He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences 他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。 第一层

He主语has谓语①deliberately状语chosen谓语①to lead the life宾语he leads定从and连词is fully aware of谓语②the consequences宾语 第二层

he主语leads

14. He may可能，也许never be sure从来没有把握where the next meal is coming from宾语从

句，下一顿饭从哪来，下一顿饭在哪里/有无着落, but he is free from = without①免于，不受...的影响the thousands of anxieties②千万桩愁事，数不清的忧虑/挂念which引定从afflict other people③折磨别人的. 语法分析

He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.

他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。 第一层

He主语 may系词never状语be系词sure表语where the next meal is coming from宾从, but连词he主语is系词free表语from the thousands of anxieties状语which afflict other people定从. 第二层

where引宾从the next定语meal主语is coming from谓语 第二层

which主语，引定从afflict谓语other people宾语 15. His few material possessions他的不多的几件财物，他少量的行囊make it形式宾语possible for him to使他有可能（make it possible for sb to do sth）move from place to place with ease =easily①真宾语，轻松自如地四处奔走. 语法分析

His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease 他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。

His few material定语possessions主语make谓语it形宾possible宾补for him状语to move from place to place真实宾语with ease状语

16. By由于having to sleep in the open（By doing通过做某事）介词短语，作原因状语，由于被迫睡在露天/露宿在外, he gets far closer to（far = much，so）①更接近the world of nature大自然 than most of us ever do（do代替get close to the world of nature）. 语法分析

By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do.

由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。 第一层

By having to sleep in the open原因状语, he主语gets系词far状语closer表语to the world of nature状语than most of us ever do状从. 第二层

than引状从most of us主语ever状语do谓语.

17. He may hunt打猎, beg乞讨, or steal occasionally偶尔偷窃to以，来keep himself alive = survive①维持生存，使自己幸存下来，让自己活下来; he may even他甚至可能，in times of real need②在真正需要的时候, do a little work干点点儿活; but he will never sacrifice his freedom③决不会牺牲他的自由.（He may do this …may do that…but he will never do…排比句） 语法分析

He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.

为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候，他甚至可能干一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。

He主语may hunt谓语, beg谓语, or连词steal谓语occasionally状语to keep himself alive目状; he主语may谓语even状语in times of real need状语, do谓语a little work宾语; but连词he主语will谓语never状语sacrifice谓语his freedom宾语. 18. We often speak of tramps with contempt①轻蔑地说起流浪汉andput them in the same class as beggars②把他们和乞丐归为同一类，把他们和乞丐混为一谈, but how many of us我们有多少人 can honestly say坦率地说that引宾从we have not felt a little envious of ③我们无不对…多少感到有点嫉妒（褒）their simple way of life他们简朴的生活方式 and their freedom from care（care = anxiety）④无忧无虑，免于操心的自由? 【虽然….但是….句型的升级】 语法分析

We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?

说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？ 第一层

We主语often状语speak of谓语tramps宾语with contempt方式状语and连词put谓语 them宾语in the same class状语as beggars状语, but连词how many of us主语can谓语honestly状语say谓语that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care宾从? 第二层

that引宾从we主语have not felt a little envious of谓语their simple way of life宾语and连词their freedom from care宾语?

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