英语期末复习大纲(1)(3)

of his prison. 一种传统的说法是：他将文字写在树叶上从牢房的窗户扔出去传给他的朋友。The leaves were shaped like a heart.而树叶的形状就象一颗心。

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1) Judging from the context, what happens on February 14th? ___________ .

从文章中我们可以判断出，2月14日这天通常会有什么事情发生？___________ . A) People get a day off.

B) People usually send romantic cards. C) People make new friends by sending cards. D) People visit their relatives.

2) According to the text, what is half the fun of Valentine's Day? ___________ . 根据文章的叙述，情人节的一半乐趣就在于？___________ .

A) Receiving the Valentine's card.

B) Guessing who sends the Valentine's card to you. C) Having a wonderful dinner. D) Spending time with your lover.

3）What do the loving messages have in common? ___________ .

那些示爱的信息的共同点在于表达___________ . A) Love.

C) Congratulations.

4）What does Cupid look like? ___________ .

爱神丘比特是什么样子的？___________ . A) Cupid is a handsome man with brown eyes B) Cupid is a female angel.

C) Cupid is an infant with a pair of wings, not wearing anything. D) Cupid is the symbols of St. Valentine's Day, the Roman god of Love. 5）What do we know from the fourth paragraph? ___________ .

从第四自然段中我们可以得知___________ . A) The story about the origin of Valentine's Day. B) The way couples celebrate Valentine's Day.

B) Friendship. D) Greetings.

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C) The reason why people use a heart-shaped box of chocolate candies. D) The way people show their love to others

American Style Friendship (美国式的友谊)

Steve and Yaser first met in their chemistry class at an American university. 史迪文和依莎尔最初是在美国一所大学的化学课上认识的。 Yaser was an international student from Jordan. 依莎尔是来自约旦的一名留学生。He was excited to get to know an American. 首次结识一位美国人，他激动不已。He wanted to learn more about American culture. 他想了解更多的美国文化。Yaser hoped that he and Steve would become good friends.依莎尔很希望成为史迪文的好朋友。

At first，Steve seemed very friendly.开始史迪文显得很友好。He always greeted Yaser warmly before class. 上课前他总是热情地与依莎尔打招呼。Sometimes he offered to study with Yaser.有时他主动与依莎尔一块儿学习。He even invited Yaser to eat lunch with him.他甚至还邀请依莎尔一块儿吃午饭。 But after the semester was over, Steve seemed more distant.但是在本学期结束时，史迪文与依莎尔就保持一定的距离了。The two former classmates didn't see each other very much at school. 这两个原来的同班同学在学校里再也没有见过面了。One day Yaser decided to call Steve．一天，依莎尔决定打电话给史迪文。Steve didn't seem very interested in talking to him．在电话里史迪文好象没多大兴趣与他交谈。Yaser was hurt by Steve's change of attitude．史迪文这种态度上的变化使依莎尔受到了伤害。“Steve said we were friends,” Yaser complained，\friends were friends forever.” “史迪文说过我们是朋友。” 依莎尔抱怨道“我原以为朋友就是永远的朋友。”

Yaser is a little confused. 依莎尔有点困惑不解。He is an outsider to American culture.对于美国文化他毕竟是门外汉。He doesn't understand the way Americans view friendship．他不懂美国人看待友谊的思维方式。Americans use the word friend in a very general way. 美国人对“朋友”这个词用得很随便。They may call both casual acquaintances and close companions “friends”。他们既可以对于随意新结识的人也可以把亲密的伙伴称为“朋友”。Americans have school friends, work friends，sports friends and neighborhood friends. 美国人有学校的朋友， 工作上的朋友，运动场上的朋友，邻里的朋友。These friendships are based on common interests. 这些朋友间的友谊都是建立在共同的兴趣爱好基础上的。When the shared activity ends, the friendship may fade.他们共同进行的活动结束了，这种友谊也就随之消失了。 Now Steve and Yaser are no longer classmates. Their friendship has changed.现在依莎尔和史迪文不再是同班同学了，因此他们的友谊就变了。

In some cultures friendship means a strong life-long bond between two people.在一些文化里，友谊就意味着两个人之间终生的纽带。In these cultures friendships develop slowly, since they are built to last.在这些文化中，友谊建立和发展都很缓慢。因此，这样的友谊很持久。 American society is one of rapid change. 美国社

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会是个变化迅速的社会。Studies show that one out of five American families moves every year. 研究表明，每年每五个家庭中就有一个家庭搬迁。American friendships develop quickly, and they may change just as quickly.美国式的友谊发展得快，同样地，它们的变化也快。

People from the United States may at first seem friendly. 开始美国人看起来很友好。Americans often chat easily with strangers. 通常情况下，美国人很容易与陌生人交谈。They exchange information about their families, hobbies and work. 与他们交谈有关家庭，爱好和工作。They may smile warmly and say, 他们会很热情地微笑和谈话 \希望你今过得得愉快。or \或者“回见。” Schoolmates may say, \get together sometime. 同班同学会说“让我们时不时地聚会一下” But American friendliness is not always an offer of true friendship. 但美国式的友谊并不会意味着真正的友谊。

After an experience like Yaser's, outsiders may consider Americans to be fickle.人们感受了象依莎尔那样的经历后，不了解美国文化的人会认为美国人变化无常。 Learning how Americans view friendship can help non-Americans avoid misunderstandings. 了解美国人对待友谊的观点，也有助于避免对美国人的误解。It can also help them make friends the American way.同样也会帮助我们以美国人的方式来结交朋友。 1) We know from the passage that______________.

从文章中我们可以得知___________ . A) Yaser and Steve used to be classmates

B) Steve doesn't like Yaser because Yaser did something wrong C) Yaser wants to have a short-term friendship with Steve D) Yaser thinks Steve and he should keep a distance 2) According to the text, why did Yaser feel hurt?

根据文章，为什么依莎尔觉得受到了伤害？ A) Because he didn't pass the exam.

B) Because he quarreled with Steve.

C) Because of Steve's change of attitude.

D) Because he missed his family.

3) How do Americans define their friendships? ___________ .

美国人是如何来定义他们的友谊的？___________ . A) Their friendships last forever. B) Their friendships are valuable.

C) Their friendships are based on common interests.

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D) Their friendships are as important as their career. 4) What can we infer from Paragraph 5? ___________ .

从第五自然段的叙述中，我们可以推断出___________ . A) You can't easily make-friends with an American. B) Americans are not willing to talk about their information. C) People from other countries always feel like outsiders themselves. D) Don't treat American friendliness as a true friendship. 5) Learning how Americans view friendship __________ .

了解了美国人是如何看待他们的友谊的，可以___________ . A) can help foreigners to know how to count on Americans B) can help non-Americans avoid misunderstandings C) can help make friends

D) can show American friendliness

When Friendship Hurts

How to Deal with Friends Who Betray, Abandon, or Wound You 当友谊受到伤害：如何对待朋友的背叛，遗弃或伤害

There are positive, wonderful friendships that are mutually beneficial to both friends and that can last a lifetime. 世界上有积极而又美妙的友谊，这种友谊对相互都有益处。But there are other friendships that are negative, destructive (破坏性的,) or unhealthy.世界上也有另外的，消极的友谊，这种友谊是不健康的，甚至是破坏性的。 In WHEN FRIENDSHIP HURTS: How to Deal with Friends who Betray, Abandon, or Wound You, Jan Yager, Ph.D. gives readers the tools to detect and cope with friendships that are harmful, 在《当友谊受到伤害：如何对待朋友的背叛，遗弃或伤害 》 一书中，Jan Yager 博士给读者提供了检验和应对有危害友谊的办法。 provides insight (见识) into why certain friendships have ended or should end, and suggests ways for choosing friends who will enrich your life. 她让读者认识到为什么有些友谊会终结，或应该终结。并提供了如何结识能使你的生活更丰富的方法。

Dr. Yager is a sociologist and an internationally known expert on friendship. Yager 博士是一位社会学家，也是世界上研究人际关系---- 友谊的知名学者。 In WHENFRIENDSHIP HURTS she divides the term friend into three categories. 在该书中， 她把友谊分为三种类型：A Casual Friend is \giant step above acquaintance\随和的朋友比起初识的关系来是一巨大的进步。 A Close Friend is someone that you are

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comfortable talking to about your deepest, intimate, thoughts or secrets. 而亲密的朋友则是以个你可以向他（她）倾述你心灵深处的感情，你的思想和秘密的人。 A Best Friend will have all the criteria (标准) of a close friend, with the additional distinction of being the premiere (突出的) friend. 而最好的朋友则应具有亲密朋友的一切条件，并且在这些方面更为出色。Trust, Honesty, Confidentiality (保守秘密), and Commonality are all important friendship qualities.信任，忠实，保守秘密以及永不变心，这几点是友谊关系中最重要的品质。

However, WHEN FRIENDSHIP HURTS identifies the 21 Types of Potentially Negative Friends, 然而在该书中，作者列举了21种有潜在的消极影响的朋友。such as The Promise Breaker (constantly disappoints you or breaks promises),比如那种不信守承诺的朋友（这类“朋友时时使你失望或不守承诺） The Cheat (lies or steals your romantic partner), 欺骗你的朋友（这类朋友对你说谎，或骗走你心爱的人）The Discloser (betrays your confidence).不亲近的朋友，（这类朋友会背叛你对他的信任） WHEN FRIENDSHIP HURTS also addresses false or \（假的) friends\该书还列举了表面对你很好的假朋友。 这类朋友主要有两类” fair weather and foul weather friends. 见机行事、见风使舵的朋友和见坏事来了就躲的朋友。The fair weather friend is the most common type of destructive or harmful friend ---- one who is there for you when all is well, but who vanishes when times get tough. 见风行事的朋友是最常见的但也是对人伤害最大，最有危害的。 当朋友一切顺利时他和你在一起，当你有不顺时，他就溜了。 Even more insidious (阴险的) is the less well-known but potentially more damaging foul-weather friend. 而更阴险的，又不为人们所知的，但潜在的破坏性则更大，那就是见了坏事就躲开朋友。 A foul-weather friend may directly or indirectly try and you’re your relationships or career go bad and try to set you up for personal or professional embarrassment. 这种朋友会直接或间接的给你带来危害，使你的人际关系或事业变得糟糕，使你在事业和人格上处于为难的境地。

WHEN FRIENDSHIP HURTS demonstrates how, why, and when to let go of bad friends and develop the positive friendships that enrich our lives on every level.该书还指点人们如何，为什么和什么时候离开不良的朋友和接识对你有积极作用的朋友，丰富你的生活，使你的生活提升到一个新的高度。 1）According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is TRUE? ___________ .

根据第一自然段的叙述，下列哪一句是正确的？___________ .

A) There are two types of friendships: one is beneficial, the other is destructive. B) Dr. Yager teaches readers how to discover and deal with bad friendships. C) Dr. Yager explains to readers the reasons why some friendships cannot last. D) Dr. Yager provides suggestions for readers on how to pick friends. 2) The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that___________ .

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