铁道工程技术专业毕业设计 - 图文

指导教师签字 时 间 年 月 日 摘 要 高速铁路代表了世界铁路现代化发展的大趋势，是21世纪交通运输的重大成果，是人类的共同财富。随着经济的迅猛发展，交通运输需求激增，我国铁路客运专线建设已经进入一个高速发展的时期，由于高速铁路运行速度快、技术标准高、对路基的要求严格， 控制路基变形沉降已经成为客运专线路基的最大特点。路基变形最明显、危害最大的问题是路基沉降。路基沉降控制是一个涉及因素较多、具有较大不确定性的工程难题。 路基沉降包括路基施工沉降和工后沉降，工后沉降尤其发生几率大、危害严重。本论文从黄土的性质和特性，路基沉降的原因、危害，控制路基沉降的措施、路基工后沉降的机理，控制路基工后沉降的必要性、步骤、措施、各种措施的特点，路基沉降计算、监测等方面分析了路基沉降。 关键字： 黄土 路基工后沉降 控制方式 沉降计算 监测 Abstract High-speed railway represents the railway modernization development trend in the 21st century, is the important achievement of transportation, is the common wealth of mankind. Along with the rapid development of economy, the transportation demand, China railway PDL surge has entered a rapid development construction period，Due to the high speed railway running speed, the technical standard of roadbed, strict control of subgrade settlement of deformation and has become the biggest characteristic of PDL roadbed. The most obvious harm, roadbed deformation of the biggest problems is the embankment settlement. Embankment settlement control is one which involves many factors, has large uncertainties of engineering problems. Embankment settlement including sub grade construction settlement and post-construction settlement, post-construction settlement risk, particularly serious harm,This paper from the nature and characteristics of loess embankment settlement, the reason and harm, the control measures of embankment settlement and roadbed settlement mechanism, Control of sub grade settlement after the necessity, steps and measures, and the characteristics of measures, embankment settlement calculation, monitoring of embankment settlement. KEY WORDS： sienna embankment settlement control mode settlement calculation detectio 目 录 第1章 绪论 ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景及意义 .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 我国铁路路基现状 .................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 黄土 ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.3.1 黄土的颗粒组成会及结构 ......................................................................... 2 1.3.2 黄土的多孔性 ............................................................................................. 2 1.3.3 黄土的湿陷性与变形特性 ......................................................................... 3 1.3.4 黄土的结构性问题 ..................................................................................... 4 第2章 路基沉降 ....................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 路基沉降 ..................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 路基沉降的原因 ......................................................................................... 4 2.2 路基不均匀沉降的影响和危害 ............................................................................ 6 2.2.1 路基不均匀沉降对铺轨施工的影响 .......................................................... 6 2.2.2 路基对称将对高铁运营的危害 .................................................................. 6 2.3 客运专线无砟轨道路基填筑的压实标准 ....................................................................... 6 2.4 客运专线无砟轨道路基沉降的控制要求 ....................................................................... 8 2.4．1 沉降控制标准 ............................................................................................................. 8 2.4 .2客运专线无砟轨道路基的填料要求 .................................................................... 8 第3章 路基沉降的控制及计算 ......................................................................................................... 11 3.1 影响路基沉降的因素 ............................................................................................ 6 3.1.1 影响沉降稳定的自然因素 ......................................................................... 11 3.1.2 影响沉降稳定的人为因素 ......................................................................... 11 3.2 湿陷性黄土路基处理方法及效果评价 ................................................................ 8 3.2.1 试验段工程地基处理方法 ........................................................................... 8 3.2.2 地基处理效果方法 ....................................................................................... 8 3.2.3 湿陷性黄土路基的沉降控制措施 ............................................................... 8 3.3 路基工后沉降 ...................................................................................................... 14 3.3.1 路基工后沉降组成分析 ............................................................................. 14 3.3.2 工后沉降控制的重要性与特点 ................................................................. 15 3.4 控制工后沉降的主要途径 .................................................................................. 15 3.4.1 加强技术培训及明确控制标准 ................................................................. 16 3.4.2 重视黄土地质核查 ..................................................................................... 16 3.5 工后沉降的控制步骤 .......................................................................................... 16 3.5.1 施工前的控制措施 ..................................................................................... 16 3.5.2 施工过程中的控制措施 ............................................................................. 17 3.5.3 加强路基沉降分析与预测 ......................................................................... 17 3.5.4 做好路基沉降观测 ..................................................................................... 18 3.6地基设计 .............................................................................................................. 18 3.6.1 桩网地基设计 .................................................................................................. 19 3.6.1.1 CFG桩桩网复合地基 .............................................................................. 19 3.6.1.2 灰土桩桩网结构 ..................................................................................... 24 3.6.2 桩板结构 .......................................................................................................... 26 3.6.2.1 整体构造分析 ......................................................................................... 27 3.6.2.2 结构几何尺寸优化 ................................................................................. 27 3.6.2.3 承台板设计 ............................................................................................. 28 3.6.2.4 托梁设计 ................................................................................................. 28 3.6.2.5 桩基设计 ................................................................................................. 29 3.6.3 DDC桩 ............................................................................................................... 32 3.6.3.1 适用性及沉降控制机理分析 ................................................................. 32 3.6.3.2 沉降计算模式 ......................................................................................... 33 3.6.3.3 复合地基下部土体的沉降 ..................................................................... 33 3.6.4 水泥土挤密桩 .................................................................................................. 35 3.6.4.1 水泥土其它影响因素及有关性能研究 .................................................. 35 3.6.4.2 水泥土挤密桩的加固原理 ...................................................................... 36 3.7 地基沉降计算 ...................................................................................................... 36 3.7.1 地基沉降计算基本原理 ................................................................................ 36 3.7.2 CFG桩的沉降计算 ......................................................................................... 36 3.7.3 桩板桩基承载力、沉降计算 ........................................................................ 39 第4章 路基沉降监测 ..................................................................................................... 40 4.1 路基沉降监测的目的 .......................................................................................... 40 4.2 路基沉降的监测内容及要求 .............................................................................. 40 4.2.1 沉降观测基本要求 ....................................................................................... 41

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