语言学专业词汇

A

AcS (actor Subject), ReS (Receptor Subject) and DaS (dative vesubject) P85 Active deposit 活性沉积P393 adaptability制宜原则 P39 adjustment 调整P135

AdjMr：Ajective Modifier 定语修饰语 P19

Affixing morpheme of fixed position 定位性附加语素 P342 Affixation 缀合法 P29

All encompassing 无所不包 P ix Aphasic 失语症患者P386 ApoP 同位短语式P188

Approximative system 近似体系 P58

arbitrariness任意性; selectiveness 选择性P181

Aspect 体（tentative尝试体, inchoative开始体, successive继续体, perfect完成体, progressive进行体）P114 Autonomy 自主权 P53 B

backshift后移 P370/372 bilingualism 双语学P522 Blending 拼缀法 P29

Bottom-up perception自下而上的感知，top-down perception自上而下的感知P493 C

Cart Fames1980 对比分析 P x

circulativeness 周遍性P86

categorization范畴化, grouping 归为类P487

category word 范畴词P418/474/513 cleft sentence 分裂句P230

cognate equivalence同源对应P134/468，词根对应P478 cognitive schema认知图示P386 Cohesion 粘着性 P62

Cohesion and coherence接应与连贯 P74

Cohesive tie 联结关系接应词，additive 增补连接词，adversative 对比连接词，causal conjunction因果连接词，temporal conjunction 时间连接词 P436 Combination (虚词功能)组合P452

Total combination完全结合，formal combination形式结合 P464 Common value （语言）共同价值；special value 特征价值P47 Complement 补语P126Composition 合成法 P29

Compactness of meaningful morpheme有义语素结合紧密度 P299 Compressed predicate 紧缩式谓语P120

Compound （汉语）合成词P443 Conversion 转化法 P29

Constant 常数（ie. tertium comparationis中间比较项）；variable变数；tertium 中间项 P50

1

Context-sensitive rule 受上下文制约的规则P362

Convertness and overtness 隐含性与外显性P61

Copula 系词；copulative object 判断宾语；quasi-copulas 准判断动词P217

Coverb 前置动词（能愿、意向、规劝动词）和后置动词的统称；operator基本助动词/功能

词P114 D

Dative case与事格 P159

defiguration还原法, figuration 形象描写P472 Description and Prescription 描写与规定 P41 descriptive approach描写态度 P39

determinative premodifier 限制性前置定语，descriptive premodifier 描绘性前置定语，

classifying premodifier 分类性前置定语 P298

Diachronic and synchronic/ diachronism and synchronism 历时与共时 P2

Diachronic experience and synchronic performance 历时经验和共时运用P314 Dichotomic 二分性，可切分为二P167 Differentiating ability 分辨力P361

Diffuse 扩散型；compact聚集型 P235

Directness 直接性， indirectness间接性， explicitness鲜明性, specificness重实，

non-specificness反虚P417 Disintegration 解体P28 dismantle拆除P28

Disorganization 瓦解P28

Disposal form动词处置式(把字句) P213; pre-transitive Verb 前及物动词(赵元任：把字句)P233 Diversiform 多样性P85

Divide 长句切分；contract 长句紧缩P208 Doer and receptor 行为者与承受者 P89 Doublet/ word pair谐音叠词P426

E

End-focus 短语后焦点；front-focus 弱化前焦点 P175 End-weight词尾重心 P229 Epicene通性名词P82 Equivalence 对应 P58 evolution演进P28

Explanation 解释; Interpretation 阐释 P41 Explication 演绎法P469 Expletive 先行词P74

Expletive subject 形式主语P92

F

Family resemblances 维根斯坦：家族相似；Dissimililarilies 非相似性 Pv Finite verb 定式动词；non-finite verb 非定式动词P236 Formal or inflexional linkage 形式或形态对接 P26 Formal indication 形式的标定 P62-3

2

Frame of word词语联立关系 P466

Functional compensation 功能互补P154 Functional expansion 功能扩大化P191

Functional redress, functional compensation 功能代偿法 P33 Function test 话题性的测试 P90

Functional word (form word, structural word) 结构词（英语），empty word虚词（汉语）, P449

closed classes 封闭性词类，P449

determiner 限定词，auxiliary助动词，pronoun代词，P449，preposition介词，qualifier 修饰词，coordinator 并列连接词，subordinator 从属连接词，interrogative 疑问词，negative 否定词P450

full word 实词（汉语）P450

G

Given-new contract已知-新知信息默契P372

H

Head word 中心词P296

Heterology 异质性/特殊素质 P95/202 HW：head word中心词 P19

Hypotaxis and parataxis 形合与意合 P75

I

Icon 图像性，iconization图像化, indexization索引化P455 identity等同（是字句功能）P219

Ideographicand semipronouncing 单体形意音文字 P vi

Ideational pvotal, idea-centered 意念主轴；formal-pivotal, formal-centered 形式主轴P18 idea-centered structure意念主轴结构；formal-centered structure形式主轴结构 P18 idiom 成语/习语；a single unit一个单位P166 image code 象码；Souund code音码 P68

immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法P232 impersonal subject非人称主语 P498

implication 暗示法P22

Inbreak of the modernity 葛兆光：现代性入侵P iv Indicator 指示器P47

indispensability不可或缺性 P47

infiltration 渗透性，intrinsicness固有性，peculiarity特性P476 Inflectional devices 无形态程式 P viii Inflexional formation 形态构性P453 Inflexional system 形态体系 P52 Inflexionalization 形态化P154

Inner speech 内部言语，speech 外部言语P387 Intentional word意向词语P163

intensifier加强词P378 Interlingua 中介语 P58

Interlingual comparability 语际可比性 P51

3

Interpretation 解释法 P22 Intraflexion 内部屈折P396 Introducer 引导性结构 P302

J

John Stuart Mill 1806-1873 功利追求 P x Juxtaposing 联合短语式P183 K

Kernel (句法结构) 核心P84 Kinship 与原亲属关系 P468

L

language game 语言游戏 P39

Latin Grammar马建忠：泰西格朗玛Pv

Lexicalization 词汇化 P312，inflexion 形态化 P368

Linearization对接；formation成型；aggregation聚集 P69

Linguistic determinism语言决定论，language relativity语言相对论P525 LocWP 方位短语式P187

LR (linear reverse???) 顺序线性P62；RL (reversed linear) 逆线性P69

M

Mapping 映射P68/371/492 Masculine 阳性P397 Matching 配对P52

Maximized implicitness 最大化隐含；information focus信息焦点P191 mean中数；overlap语义场界重叠；outlap非重叠P183

means of generalization实义虚化手段，affixational means词缀虚化手段 P446，inflexional means 形态虚化手段P447, specified 实化P449 Misplacement and breach 错位和缺位P ix Missing link 缺环P518

MnS(Means Subject) 方式主语 P102

Mode of expression表现法，relativity相关性，instrumentality实用性，generality通用性P391 Moderate adaptation 适度的适应， adaptationby通过adjustment调整来适应P429 Mood 语气，indicative mood直陈式, imperative mood祈使式, subjunctive mood虚拟式,

Intrinsic and extrinsic 内在和外在语言结构机制，

factualsupposition事实假设, counterfactual supposition 反事实假设 deficit 欠缺的观点 P369

morpheme for morpheme义素对义素P468

Mr-Md (modifier-modified) 修饰语前置式,偏正词组；Md-Mr (modified-modifier)；hyphenated adjectives 连字符连接的多词形容词 P167 MrS（Modifier Subject）修饰语主语 P102 Mutual compensatory 互为补充代偿P308

4

N

N.Machiavelli 1459-1527 马基尔维利，15世纪‘欧洲最著名政论、史论家之一P iv Nominal 名词性 P91

Nominal phrase名词性短语P188

Nominative 主格，genitive 所有格，dative 与格，accusative 宾格P396 Non-SP sentence非主谓句P203 nucleus（语音）调核P304 O

Onomatopoeia 象声，拟声 P5

Open beginning 句首开放性；contracting ending/closed ending 句尾收缩性 P205 Operating and orientating mechanism 支配与定势作用 P487 Operator 功能词P118 Ordering 序列P70

Orientation 导向P391

Outwardness 外象（包括：表象、形象、现象、物象）P26 P

Pattern （形态体系的）结构形式P396 pair成对词P184 Paradox 悖理P182

PC of extend/ degree表程度的述补结构 P131 PC of movement 表行为态势活动向的述补结构：direction趋向；progress继续；completion 完成P128

PC of possibility表可能的述补结构 P128 PC of result表结果的述补结构 P129 PC of state表状态的述补结构 P130 Pejoration 贬义化

Perceptive language 感性语言 P x Periodic sentence 掉尾句 P310

Phonograph 表音文字P418 Phonetic morpheme 语义语素，form morpheme 构形语素，reduplication morpheme复叠语素， full morpheme 完全语素P460/461

Phrasal verb and particle 短语动词与小品词/介副词 P？？/154 pictograph/ hieroglyph 象形文字 P2 pivot/axle主轴P236

PlS (Place Subject) P86

Polar contrast 正反两面合二为一的复合词P473 Polarization 两极化 P87

Pragmatic motivation语用理据P175 Pragmatic presupposition 语用预设P164

Predicate-complete construction述补结构P128

predication谓词性；sub-predication次谓词性P189 Predicative phrase 谓词性短语P188

5

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