American literature(2)

17. At the Reason and Revolution Period, American were influence by the European movement

called the Enlightenment Movement.

18. Thomas Jefferson’s attitude, that is, a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is

typical of the period we now call Age of Reason.

19. Benjamin Franklin shaped his writing after the “Spectator Papers” by the English essayists

Addison and Steele.

20. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women , Mount Holyoke Female Seminary,

opened in Massachusetts to serve the “muslin sex”.

21. As a philosophical and literary movement, transcendentalism flourished in New England

from the 1830s to the Civil War.

22. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates Emerson and Thoreau. 23. Emerson was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.

24. Transcendentalists recognized intuition as the “highest power of the soul”.

25. A new Romanticism had appeared in England in the last years of the 18th century. It spread to

continental Europe and then came to American early in the 19th century.

26. Herman Melville’s “Moby Dick” is not only an adventure story, but also significant

philosophical work on spiritual exploration.

27. Washington Irving’s works are from “A History of New York”.

28. In 1831, Edgar Allan Poe Published his third book. Poems by Edgar “A Poe in New York”,

which consisted of some of his best poems, like “To Helen” and “The City in the Sea”.

29. The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston

in “The Scarlet Letter”.

30. Ahab is the character who appears in the novel “Moby Dick”.

31. Herman Melville’s “Moby Dick” is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy,

religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.

32. William Dean Howells, who became the editor of Harper’s Monthly in 1891, created the first

theory for American realism.

33. Bret Harte in the 1860s was the first American writer of local color to achieve wide

popularity.

34. “naturalism” was a term created by the French novelist, Emile Zola.

35. In his short story, “The Open Boat”, Stephen Crane shows how even life and death are

determined by fate.

36. The changing consciousness of the character is the real story. William James gave this kind of

literature a name. He called it “stream-of-consciousness”. 37. In his works, Theodore Dreiser’s tone is always serious.

38. The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn was Mark Twain’s masterpiece from which, as Ernest

Hemingway noted, “all modern American literature comes.” 39. Imagist poems are mainly composed in the form of free verse.

40. Imagism was equivalent to naturalism in fiction in a sense. Imagist never stated the emotion

in the poem, but just presented an image: concrete, firm, and definite in picture.

41. Pioneer of modern American poetry, Ezra Pound did not produce great poetry himself but

also helped his contemporary poets including T.S. Eliot, H.D., and Robert Frost with their literary careers.

42. T.S. Eliot was a playwright, critic and poet.

43. “The Song of the Lark” by Willa Cather shows Thea Kronberg finding spiritual renewal in

the American Southwest.

44. Santiago occurs in Hemingway’s work “The Old Man and the Sea”. 45. For Whom the Bell Tolls is Hemingway’s Spanish Civil War novel.

46. Sinclair Lewis was the first American author that won the Nobel Prize in 1930.

47. Strong affinity to the Chinese and oriental literature can be found in the works of Ezra Pound. 48. F. Scott Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.

49. Cubism is a school of modern painting, whose emphasis is on the formal structure of work of

art and especially on the multiple perspective viewpoints. 50. The author of “Flowering Judas” is Katherine Anne Porter.

51. Faulkner’s prose varies from colloquial, regional to formal diction and cadences of American

speech.

52. O’ Neil’s inventiveness seemingly knew no limits. He was constantly experimenting with

new styles and forms for his plays, especially during the twenties when expression was in full swing.

53. The founder of the American drama is Eugene O’ Neill.

54. Two basic themes of James Baldwin’s are race and homosexuality. 55. “Roots” was authored by Alex Haley.

56. In the history of the American novel, traditional realistic narrative techniques designed to

produce an illusion of reality and the related willing suspension of disbelief were widely felt in the 1960s and 1970s.

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