英国与美国地理、政治、历史、经济简介。共七课。
CHAPTER1
1
Geographic Position
UK is situated in Western Europe, lying off the northwest coast of Europe and surrounded by the sea (the Arctic Sea, north Atlantic Sea, Irish Sea, and North Sea), and it covers most of the British Isles(Great Britain, Ireland and some small islands). UK is seperated from the European Continent by by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Its neighboring countries include France, Holland, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Irish Republic and Iceland.
2
Full &Official Name
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
National Elements
●England
●Scotland National Area
244,820 sq KM
●Wales
●Northern Ireland
3
England
●It is the largest national element of UK with an area of more than 130 000sq km, and the capital is London.
●It is the most important part of the Kingdom in wealth, size, and population, so people always use “England” and “English” when they mean “Britain” and “British”.
4
Scotland
●Scotland is in the north of Great Britain with an area of 78,760 square km. Its capital is Edinburgh.
●It retained its own parliament until 1707 when, by the Act of Union, Scotland and the Kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the ●Kingdom of Great Britain.
Ben Nevis (1,343m), the highest in Britain, is located here.
5
Wales
●Wales is in the west of Great Britain with an area of 20,761 square km. Its capital is Cardiff.
●Most of Wales is mountainous, only 12% of the land is arable.
●Wales was effectively united with England in the 14th century.
6
Northern Ireland
●Northern Ireland takes up the northern fifth of Ireland and has an area of 14,147 square km. Its capital is Belfast.
英国与美国地理、政治、历史、经济简介。共七课。
●Northern Ireland is composed of the six Irish counties that elected to remain in the union with Great Britain when the remaining 26 counties of Ireland obtained autonomy in 1921.
7
Population
(About 60 million)
●English←the Angles & the Saxons & the Jutes←the Germanic tribes ●Scottish↖
the Gaels↖
●Irish ↙ Celtic tribes
●Welsh ← the Britons ↙
●Immigrants(←the West Indies, India & Pakistan, etc.)
8
Official Language:English
Main Languages
●English
●Gaelic
●Welsh
Development of English
●Old English (450—1100)
●Middle English (1100—1500)
●Modern English (1150— )
9
Indo-European Language
10
Origin of English
Indo-European (—Language Family)
↓ ↓
Germanic Group(—Language Group)
↓ ↓
West Germanic (—Language Branch)
↓ ↓
English (—Language)
11
Main Mountains
●The Pennines
●The Cumbrian
●The Grampian Mountains
●The Cambrian Mountain Range
Main Rivers
●The Thames
●The Severn
●The Clyde
●The Forth
英国与美国地理、政治、历史、经济简介。共七课。
12
Major Cities (and location)
●London
●Birmingham
●Glasgow
●Manchester
●Edinburge
●Plymouth
13
英国首都伦敦位于英格兰东南部，跨泰晤士河下游两岸，距河口88公里，是英政治、经济、文化中心。由伦敦城(亦称金融城)及周围32个市组成，面积 1650平方公里，人口700万，伦敦始建于二千多年以前，公元四三年罗马人占领大不列颠岛时已是重要的商业中心。十一世纪成为商业和政治中心，十八世纪为世界最大的港口和国际贸易中心。伦敦金融城是世界最大的金融中心之一;西伦敦是王官、议会、政府各部门所在地，也是大商店、剧院和高级住宅区;东伦敦以下至河口为伦敦港区、船坞、码头、仓库林立。希思罗机场是世界最大的航空港之一。海格特墓地有马克思墓。伦敦还有许多著名建筑物，如伦敦塔、白金汉宫、西敏寺教堂、圣保罗大教堂、格林威治天文台原址等。格林威治天文台原址(天文台1948年迁至伦敦东南96公里处)为地球经度起算点。
14
Tower of London
伦敦塔位于泰晤士河北岸，是英最古老的王宫之一。1078年，"征服者威廉"(William the Conqueror)为守卫伦敦城而建，占地18英亩。经过数代君主的扩建和修整，曾作过堡垒、王宫、监狱、皇家铸币厂和伦敦档案馆，现为王冠、王袍、兵器和盔甲陈列馆。 Westminster Abby
威斯敏斯特教堂是11世纪号称“笃信者”的英王爱德华建立 的。教堂的主要特点是大门处有一对塔楼。教堂自建以来，一直是英国历代国王或女王加冕礼典和王室成员结婚的场所。英国历代国王死后，大部分葬在这里。英国资产阶级革命后，许多名人死后，在教堂也占有一席之地。英国把威斯敏斯特教堂称为“荣誉的宝塔尖”。现在，威斯敏斯特大教堂不但是名人的墓地，而且是难得 的“历史博物馆”
Trafalgar square
Big Ben
泰晤士河畔议会大厦的北面，耸立着高高的钟楼，镶有大钟，名 为“大本”。每隔一小时，大钟根据格林威治时间发出沉重而铿锵的响声，在数英里之外也能听到钟声的回荡。 1859年，大钟由当时的英王工务大臣本杰明？霍尔爵士监制，大钟共重21吨， 铸造时耗资2.7万英镑。 “大本”钟被视为伦敦的象征，凡到伦敦观光的人，无不想到钟楼周围，站在 议会桥上欣赏伦敦这个独具一格的建筑。
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