大学英语语法-虚拟语气(2)

用情态助动词过去时时态表示假设意义

最常见于条件句和含蓄条件句

a） 用于条件句 （若if 省略要用到装）

If she were younger, she would do it.

去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面) If he had tried it, he could have done it.

去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)

Were I a bird, I could fly freely.

如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should时，把它们放在if的位置上；但是如果条件句中没有were, had或should不能用倒装。如：

Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的话，我们怎么办呢？ Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的话，我就向他请教了。

在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中若should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装。如：

If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。)

Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.

Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她对与错，我都会支持她)

Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.

注意：有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。

We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.

But for your help, I would not have succeeded.

有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：

大学英语语法-虚拟语气

I could help you. (只有主句）

If I had time. (只有从句）

b） 用于含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫做储蓄条件句。常见的有but,for ,without等引导的短语，以及or, or else, otherwise, but 等分句。 But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.

如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验室是不会成功的。

We could have done better under more favourable conditions.

在更有利的条件下，我们能够做得更好些。

What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)

I would appreciate a little of your time. 谢谢你给我一点时间吧。(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)

在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：

You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。

I would like to come. 我愿意来。

c) 用于其他语境

以whatever, whoever, no matter what这类代词或词组引起的从句(这时, 谓语多用may加动词原形构成):

Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.

Come what may, we will go ahead. 不管发生什么情况, 我们都要干下去.

混合条件句----主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气

If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be quite all right now.

如果你昨天吃了药的话，现在就已经痊愈了。(从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则表示与现在事实相反。

其他例子

That she should forget me so quickly was rather a shock. (竟然)

Would that the flood might never come again.（但愿）

=If only the the flood might never come again.

To think that he would marry such a nastty woman.(竟然)

1、It’s already six o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time____?

A)we are going home

B)we go home

C)we went home

D)we can go home

大学英语语法-虚拟语气

2、If only the committee____the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

A)approve

B)will approve

C)can approve

D)would approve

3、It’s necessary____the dictionary immediately.

A)that he will return

B)that he returned

C)that he return

D)that he has to return

4、She must have had an accident, or he____then.

A)would have been here

B)had to be here

C)should be here

D)would be here

5、I apologize if I ____you, but I assure you it was unintentional.

A)offended

B)had offended

C)should have offended

D)might have offended

6、Our idea is that the match____.

A)would put off

B)ought to put off

C)be put off

D)could put off

7、One of the requirements for a fire is that the material_____to its burning temperature.

A)is beated

B)will be heated

C)be heated

D)would be heated

8、That tree looked as if it _____for a long time.

A)hasn’t watered

B)didn’t water

C)hadn’t been watered

D)wasn’t watered

9、The business of each day, _____selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

A)it being

B)be it

C)was it

D)it was

10、Jean wishes that he_____that house last spring.

A)bought

B)had bought

C)buys

大学英语语法-虚拟语气

D)were to buy

11、I wish I ____longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A)could have slept

B)slept

C)might have slept

D)have slept

12、I’d just as soon you ____those important papers with you.

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