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任务型教学法在大学英语听力教学中的应用(14)

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英语语言测试论文资料

such

as

structurallinguistics,cognitivelinguisticsandfunctionallinguistics

set

the

foundationforteachingapproaches.Thereweretwoleadingschoolsoflinguisticsinthe

twentieth

century:formalismandfunctionalism.Theformerputsemphasis

on

the

abstractstaticlanguageformandthelatterregardsthestudyofthelanguageusedindailylife

as

thetruetaskofstudy

andemphasizesthe

functionandmeaningoflanguage

ratherthanthelanguage

structures.

Attheearlystageinthe20t11fieldoflinguistics.

Swisslinguist

century,formalism

played

a

dominatedroleinthe

Ferdinand

deSaussure,fatherofmodemlinguisticsforhisoriginal

inGeneralLinguistics,holdsthatlinguists’task

a

andinsightful

discover

work--Course

istoactual

thelinguisticcompetenceof

or

speaker--langue,ratherthanthe

staticstudy

on

phenomena

dataof

linguistics--parole.Saussure’S

languageimpinged

thethenlinguisticsfordecades.

Based

on

Saussureanlinguistics,Structuralism

of

appearedinthel930s.Bloomfield,ainthethirties

representative

Americanstructurallinguistics

and

on

forties

ofthe

twentiethcentury,analyzesstructuresof

one

a

forms

oflanguage,whichstillfocuses

are

thegrammatical

language.Structuralists

influencedbythebehaviouristicviewthat

on

learns

a

language

bybuildinguphabits

a

thebasisofstimulus—responsechains.In

at

teachingmethodthisimpliespatterndrilltechniquewhichaims

Situational

thelearner’S

automatismsforlanguage

forms.Forinstance,the

on

Methodandthe

Audio—LingualApproacharebased

In1957,thefounderofChomsky

sees

Structuralism.

in

Transformational—generativegrammar(TG

a

short)Noam

languageassystemofinnaterules

and

discussesthefundamental

refers

to

to

distinctionbetweencompetence

andperformance.Linguisticcompetence

performance

refers

the

underlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrules.And

use

theactual

of

language

in

concrete

situations.Chomskythinksthatlinguistictheoryis

ideal

speaker listeneg

in

a

concemedprimarilywith

an

completelyhomogeneous

speech-community,whoknowsitslanguageperfectly(Chomsky,1965:3).Chomsky

8

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