历年专四作文分析

作文

一 测试要求

要求根据所出的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表（也附有写作提纲）写一篇２００字左右的短文。能做到内容切题、完整、条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。考试时间为３５分钟。考试分数为１５分。

二 解读专四作文历年真题

专四英语作文历年考题（1992~ 2009）及其类型 年份 作文题目 2010 Should College Students Hire Cleaners? 2009 Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? 2008 The Benefits of Volunteering 2007 Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? 2006 Saving Money or Using Tomorrow’s Money 2005 My Idea of a University Art Festival 2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? 2003 The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood 2002 The Best Way to Stay Healthy 2001 Travel Broadens the Mind 2000 The Importance of Extracurricular Activities 1999 A Major Advantage /Disadvantage of Advertising on Television 1998 One Way to Solve the Problem 1997 More Pressure from Academic Studies Does (or Does not) Good to Us 类型 对比选择型 对比选择型 自由发挥型 对比选择型 对比选择型 自由发挥型 对比选择型 给定观点型 自由发挥型 给定观点型 给定观点型 对比选择型 自由发挥型 对比选择型 1996 The Main Difference Between My College Life and My Middle School 对比选择型 Life 1995 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Part Time Jobs 1994 TV: a Good Thing or a Bad Thing? 1993 My Idea of Becoming a Teacher in the Future 1992 My View on Reading Extensively

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对比选择型 对比选择型 自由发挥型 自由发挥型 如上表所示，从１９９２年到２０10年共１9年的专业四级作文来看，全部都为提纲式作文。

１ 提纲式作文

提纲式作文为考生提供了明确的英文题目与一个简单的写作提纲，将考生的写作控制在一定范围内。它要求考生紧扣题目主题，并根据提纲提示的思路和要点展开段落。由于提供的写作提纲一般分为提出论点、论证或描述论点和总结全文等三部分，所以考生必须按照三段式作文将简单的提纲扩展为主题句，再按照主题句作文的写作方法进行文章写作。

按照命题形式，提纲式作文又可进一步划分为三个具体的命题类型： １）对比选择型

对比选择型的题目，在提出一个话题后，通常给出这个话题的两种观点或两种选择，然后要求考生分析对比两个观点或两种选择的优缺点，从两者中选出一种作为自己作文的论点，并论证其正确性。 ２）给定观点型

给定观点型的题目，在提出一个话题之后，同时也给定了关于这个话题的一种观点，要求考生以这个给定的观点作为作文的论点进行论证。这种类型作文的关键是如何能够很好地论证给定的观点。 ３）自由发挥型

自由发挥型的题目，在提出一个话题之后，可能会提供一些大家对此话题的观点和看法，要求考生通过利用已给定的材料做出自己的分析，然后发挥想象力，提出并论证自己的观点。题目对考生的观点不做限定，只要不离开给出的话题即可。考生既可以从题目给出的观点选一个作为自己的观点，也可以自己提出一个题目没有的想法。

从１９９２年到２００9年共１8年的专业四级作文来看，采用对比选择型命题方式的作文最多，有9个，可以分为三类：

第一类： Advantages /Disadvantages型 （１９９９，１９９５，１９９４） １９９９年真题：A Major Advantage /Disadvantage of Advertising on Television 要求考生在电视广告的好处和坏处中两者选一，把问题说明。

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1). A enjoys a distinct advantage, ...

2). A maybe ... but it suffer from the disadvantage that...

3). When the advantages and disadvantages of …are carefully compared, the most striking finding(conclusion) is self-evident(obvious).

4). Obviously it has its drawbacks(disadvantages, negative effects), as well as merits(advantages, positive influence).

5). Compared with these advantages(drawbacks)the negative effects would not count much. 6). While the negative effects can’t be avoided, we can reduce them to the least extent.

第二类： A/B型 （２００６，２００４，１９９６）

２００６年真题：Saving Money or Using Tomorrow’s Money 要求考生在存钱（Ａ）和预支明天的钱（Ｂ）之间择一发表自己的看法。

1). Some people like A due to ... However, there are many young people, including me, especially like B.

2). Although A has (enjoys, gains, secures) a(n) great(important, enormous, considerable, distinct) advantage of (over, in )…, it can’t compete(be compared) with B in….

3). A sounds ridiculous(means nothing, appears trivial) when B is mentioned(considered, taken into consideration).

4).Indeed(Certainly),A carries(bears much, little weight, plays a more/less important role, takes on little/special significance ) as (when) compared to (with) B

5). A may be preferable to (superior to, better than) B, it poses problems for those who….( suffers from the problems/disadvantages of…., brings its own problems/disadvantages.) For one thing,…. For another….

6). The advantage of B outweigh the benefit we gain from (carry more weight than those of , are much greater than those of )A.

第三类： Yes/No 型（2010，2009，２００７，１９９７）

２００７年真题：Is It Wise to Make Friends Online? 要求考生就交网友的明智与否发表观点。2009年真题：Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? 要求考生就旅游是否对环境造成危害发表意见。2010年真题Should College Students Hire Cleaners? 要求考生就大学生是否应该雇佣清洁工发表意见。

1).Different people have different attitudes towards ..., some believe that ... others, however, argue

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that ... still others maintain that ...

2). Obviously, ( There is no doubt that ) it has its(both) drawbacks(disadvantages, negative effects) as well as (and) merits( advantages, positive effects).

3).There are several (many) advantage in(of)….The first(biggest) advantage is that…. 4). Like anything else, it has also its faults( pitfalls, problems, disadvantages, harmeful effects). 5). Whether it has more advantages or vice versa, (does more harm than good) one thing is certain…

6).As opposed (contrary) to widely(commonly, generally) held(accepted) ideas(belief, views), I argue…

7). Although the popular(nationwide, commonly-accepted) belief (idea, assumption) is that…, a new(recent) study(survey, poll) indicates(reveals, uncovers) that…

采用给定观点型命题方式的作文有３个 （２００３，２０００，２００１） ２００３年真题：The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood 要求论证保持良好心态的重要性。

1) No one can deny (doubt, ignore, overlook) the bare (hard, essential, profound) fact that… 2) We must face(accept, admit, recognize, mention, point out) the indisputable, undeniable,

astonishing, deplorable) fact that…

3) There is every(strong, little, statistical, sufficient, considerable) evidence (that, to show that,

as to, against, in favor of )…

4) All reliable data(statistic evidence, scientific observations, available information, undoubted

facts) point(s) to(lend(s) support to) the fact (view)that…

5) Personal experience(Examples I read of, Statistics available) show(s)( suggest(s) ,teach(es),

lead(s) me to conclude ) that… .

采用自由发挥型命题方式的作文有6个，可分为两类。 第一类：My Idea型（2008，２００５，１９９３，１９９２）

２００５年真题：My Idea of a University Art Festival 针对学生会举办的大学艺术节的组织活动和内容，贡献自己的想法和建议。The Benefits of Volunteering 陈述自己的观点，并用理由来支持你的观点。

1）When asked about…, the vast/ overwhelming majority of (most, many, quite a few) people say (think, believe, answer) that… . But other people regard/ view/see/ whink of …as… . (But I think

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/view quite/abit differently.)

2) Now, it is commonly (generally, widely) believed (thought, held, accepted, felt, recognized, acknowledged) that… .They claim (believe, argue) that… .But I wonder (doubt) whether … . 3) There are several reasons for my preference( chhoice, decision). First, (For one thing, One reason is)… Second(for another)… Finally ,perhaps the primary(main, most important) reason(cause)is …

第二类：The Best Way型（２００２，１９９８）

２００２年真题：The Best Way to Stay Healthy指出你认为最好的保持健康的方式，并给出一两个理由来支持你的观点。

1) Recently the rise in ( phenomenon of, problem of, question of) … has drawn ( aroused) public(popular, world-wide ) attention.

2) Now people in growing (increasing, significant) numbers are beginning (coming) to realize(recognize, understand, accept, be aware) that …

3) There are many(different, several, a number of) causes(factors) for the dramatic(marked, significant) increase(changes, decrease,problem)in…

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